稳健决策
Candidate policies are run across a large ensemble of futures; the conditions under which each fails are identified and used to design options that are less vulnerable.
GRF · Foresight Nexus
Decision analysis under uncertainty links foresight to choice. It makes objectives, options, uncertainties and value judgements explicit, and under 深度不确定性 it replaces the search for an optimal answer with tests of robustness and adaptability across many futures.
Decision analysis under uncertainty provides structured methods for choosing among options when outcomes are uncertain and objectives conflict. It makes trade-offs and value judgements explicit. In foresight and risk management and 系统性风险, decision analysis helps choose actions that perform acceptably across interconnected risks and uncertain futures. It clarifies when to act now and when to keep options open. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.
Candidate policies are run across a large ensemble of futures; the conditions under which each fails are identified and used to design options that are less vulnerable.
Sequences of actions are mapped with their adaptation tipping points and lead times, so decision-holders can see which choices keep later options open and when a switch falls due.
Experts are selected, briefed and asked for quantiles on uncertain quantities through Delphi rounds or calibrated protocols; judgements are aggregated and their spread is reported rather than hidden.
三类工具在你设定的覆盖率和遵从率下与基线并列比较,每类都有自己的滞后和采用速度;效应大小是教学用数值,应以证据替换。情景:关于未来的具名假设,不是预测。
控制措施
读数
| 年份 | 基线 | 监管 | 经济激励 | 信息与能力 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 100.0 | 99.5 | 98.8 | 99.1 |
| 1 | 102.0 | 101.2 | 100.1 | 99.8 |
| 2 | 104.0 | 102.5 | 101.1 | 99.9 |
| 3 | 106.1 | 103.5 | 101.6 | 100.0 |
| 4 | 108.2 | 103.7 | 101.8 | 100.7 |
| 5 | 110.4 | 103.2 | 101.7 | 102.1 |
| 6 | 112.6 | 102.0 | 101.6 | 103.9 |
| 7 | 114.9 | 100.4 | 101.6 | 105.9 |
| 8 | 117.2 | 99.2 | 102.1 | 108.0 |
| 9 | 119.5 | 98.6 | 102.9 | 110.1 |
| 10 | 121.9 | 98.9 | 104.2 | 112.3 |
| 11 | 124.3 | 99.7 | 105.7 | 114.5 |
| 12 | 126.8 | 101.1 | 107.4 | 116.8 |
| 13 | 129.4 | 102.7 | 109.4 | 119.2 |
| 14 | 131.9 | 104.5 | 111.4 | 121.6 |
| 15 | 134.6 | 106.5 | 113.5 | 124.0 |
| 16 | 137.3 | 108.5 | 115.7 | 126.5 |
| 17 | 140.0 | 110.7 | 118.0 | 129.0 |
| 18 | 142.8 | 112.9 | 120.4 | 131.6 |
| 19 | 145.7 | 115.1 | 122.8 | 134.2 |
| 20 | 148.6 | 117.4 | 125.2 | 136.9 |
The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:
贯穿六大支柱,由 Nexus Consortium 牵头
| 数据 | 角色 | 标签 |
|---|---|---|
| Scenario ensembles | Futures across which options are tested | 模型估算 |
| Structured expert judgements | Quantities for which data are absent | 估算 |
| Stakeholder objective and preference records | Criteria and weights | 已报告 |
| Public appraisal guidance | Discounting and valuation rules | 已发布统计 |
一项文书从授权到评估所经历的步骤,每一步都标明负责运行的支柱,以及仍由当局作出的决定。这是带有明示说明性数值的教学模型,不是预测。
贯穿六大支柱,由 Nexus Consortium 牵头
| 核查 | 如何开展 |
|---|---|
| Sensitivity to values | Results are re-run with alternative weights and discount rates and the effect is reported |
| Expert calibration | Where possible, experts answer seed questions with known answers to weight or check their judgements |
| Scenario sampling adequacy | The ensemble is checked for coverage so robustness is not claimed over a narrow set of futures |
| Traceability | Each result traces to stated objectives, options and assumptions that reviewers can examine |
结果取决于征询得到的概率与偏好,而这些可能存在偏倚。深度不确定性可能使期望值比较产生误导。
政策制定者、外交官或发展机构所使用的文书、授权、行为方和问责安排,并注明设定它们的协定。结构遵循所列框架。所绘制的任何状态或进展均为说明性,并非记录。
The kinds of instrument available on decision analysis in foresight, by level of government and cooperation.
| 工具类型 | 地方 | 国家 | 区域 | 全球 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 监管型 | 分区、建筑规范 | 法律、标准、许可 | 统一规则 | 公约与条约 |
| 经济 | 地方税费、拨款 | 预算项目、税收、保险计划 | 风险池,区域基金 | 融资机制 |
| 信息 | 地方预警 | 披露、预警、统计 | 数据共享安排 | 全球监测与报告 |
| 制度型 | 地方委员会 | 牵头机构,协调理事会 | 区域机构与秘书处 | 多边授权 |
| 合作型 | 社区协议 | 伙伴关系契约 | 谅解备忘录与联合计划 | 协定与共同承诺 |
报告 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.
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