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GRFDisaster and Crisis GovernanceIn development
Disaster and Crisis Governance · Decision-rights context

Decision-rights context

In disasters and crises, decisions about warnings, evacuations, emergency powers, resource allocation and recovery belong to specific authorities under law. This page locates the main decision-makers, describes the boundaries between them and explains how The Global Risks Forum (GRF) dialogue supports them without replacing them.

Publisher
The Global Risks Forum
Field
Disaster and crisis, Critical infrastructure
Status
In development
Service level
R0: information and enquiries

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Layers 3

Hazards now, for this page

Latest available

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) · Natural Earth

Loading the latest NASA imagery.

Drag to move. Ctrl or ⌘ and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.

For decision-rights context, in GRF's situational-awareness reading, the map opens on population density, flood water and active fires, framed on the Caribbean; 3 further NASA layers wait in the list.Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date; indicators, not assessments of any place; claim ceiling INTEGRATED.

Data: NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · GDACSSources and licences

  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). CC BY 4.0
  • VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), VIIRS 375 m active fire product, NASA LANCE; vector tiles via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • GPM IMERG precipitation, NASA Precipitation Processing System; distributed by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • MODIS and VIIRS atmosphere products, NASA LANCE and LAADS DAAC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. Public domain
  • © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). ODbL
  • Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into H3 cells where shown (modified). NASA open data
  • Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, © OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.
  • Globe: MapLibre GL JS 6.9.1, BSD-3-Clause, © MapLibre contributors.
  • Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not official warnings.
  • Live: GDACS (EC JRC / UN OCHA) Events are indicative, not official warnings.
  • Optional layers (21 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.

Layers and dates

  • Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · static
  • Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE · 14 Oct 2026
  • Active fires and thermal anomalies, last day: VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS), NASA LANCE FIRMS · 13 Oct 2026
  • Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC · 12 Oct 2026
  • Precipitation rate, daily mean: GPM IMERG, NASA GES DISC · 12 Oct 2026
  • Aerosol optical depth, daily: VIIRS NOAA-20 Deep Blue AOD, NASA LANCE · 13 Oct 2026

GeographyFor decision-rights context, in GRF's situational-awareness reading, the map opens on population density, flood water and active fires, framed on the Caribbean; 3 further NASA layers wait in the list.

STEM methods
3
Canonical methods this field applies
Topics
8
Subject pages in the field
Counterparts
12
Platforms in shared fields at GCRI, GRF and GRA
Report series
2
Nexus Reports series it contributes to
01In brief

The short answer.

Decision rights in Disaster and Crisis Governance define who decides what in disaster and crisis as well as critical infrastructure: public authorities take statutory decisions, operators and institutions take operational ones, and affected communities, including Indigenous rights holders, hold rights of consent and participation. The platform brings evidence and options to those who decide and takes no decision itself.

02Canvas

One field, three institutions.

Canvas · one field, three institutionsDesign, not a record
One field, three institutions: Disaster and Crisis Governance and its counterpartsGCRI studies the field as science, GRF governs and convenes it, GRA builds shared financial understanding; the Nexus Universe tests work across them and the competent authorities decide. Design of the arrangement, not a record.

Fig.How GCRI, GRF and GRA share one field while the authorities decide. Design, not a record.

03Console

Field overview, in outline.

The working screen behind this subject: its structure, terms and states. Names are placeholders and values illustrative.

Field overview: the screen's structure, terms and states for Crisis governance.Placeholder names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.
04Public authorities

Statutory decisions stay with those competent under law.

National

Government and disaster agencies

Declarations of emergency, national coordination, use of armed forces in support of civil authorities and requests for international assistance, under each country's constitution and disaster law.

Sector

Line ministries and regulators

Health, water, energy, transport and telecommunications authorities decide on measures within their sectors and on obligations of operators.

Local

Municipal and regional authorities

Many decisions on evacuation, shelters and local services sit at local level, where knowledge of people and places is greatest.

05Decisions

Who decides in a disaster.

DecisionHolder
Declare an emergencyHead of government or designated authority under law
Order evacuationAuthority named in civil protection law
Request international assistanceGovernment
Issue an official warningDesignated warning authority
06Other decision-makers

Operators, organizations and communities.

  1. 01

    Infrastructure operators

    Decide on protective shutdowns, restoration priorities and continuity measures within their licences and legal obligations.

  2. 02

    Humanitarian organizations

    Decide on their own operations under humanitarian principles and agreements with host governments.

  3. 03

    Businesses

    Decide on continuity, workforce safety and supply arrangements, within public instructions.

  4. 04

    Communities and individuals

    Decide whether to act on warnings and how to support one another. Indigenous peoples and affected communities hold rights to participate in decisions that affect them.

07Boundaries

Where authority is contested or unclear.

Boundaries are tested in compound and cascading crises. A cyber incident affecting water treatment involves security, health and utility authorities; a cross-border flood involves several national systems; a long-running crisis can blur the line between emergency powers and ordinary government. Oversight of emergency powers by legislatures, courts and audit bodies is part of the governance system.

International and regional bodies may coordinate assistance but do not replace national authority. Financial instruments that release funds on defined triggers are decided by the parties to them; their market dimension is studied at Disaster Risk Finance at The Global Risks Alliance (GRA).

08Role of the platform

What dialogue adds.

The platform brings evidence, comparison and structured dialogue to people who hold these decision rights. It does not take decisions, issue recommendations with binding force or speak for any authority. Its value lies in helping decision-makers see how their arrangements compare with others, where boundaries are unclear and what past events suggest, before a crisis forces the question. GRF convenes and governs programmes. It does not regulate, finance, procure or certify, and hosting or sponsorship confers no authority over findings.

09Key terms

Terms used on this page.

Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.

TermDefinition
Decision rights matrixA table showing which body proposes, approves, executes and oversees each decision.
Competent authorityThe body that a law or regulation designates to exercise a given power or duty, such as a supervisor, a civil protection agency or a ministry; only it can take the decisions the law assigns to it.
Free, prior and informed consentThe right of Indigenous peoples to give or withhold consent, without coercion, in advance and with full information, to measures that affect their lands, territories and rights, as the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples sets out.
SubsidiarityThe principle that a decision is taken at the lowest level able to take it well, with a higher level acting only where the objective cannot be achieved closer to the people concerned; the Treaty on European Union states it.
10Sources

Where this page's references lead.

The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.

11Questions

Questions and answers.

Does GRF make decisions on disaster policy?
GRF convenes and governs programmes. It does not regulate, finance, procure or certify, and hosting or sponsorship confers no authority over findings.
Who decides when a warning is issued?
The authority designated in national law, often a meteorological, hydrological or disaster management agency. See early warning governance.
Can dialogue outcomes be cited as official positions?
No. They record the views and evidence discussed. Only the competent authority can state an official position.
Disaster and Crisis Governance

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The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.

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