GRF · Diplomacy Nexus
气候与自然外交
Climate and nature are negotiated in parallel regimes: the UNFCCC and its 《巴黎协定》, the Convention on Biological Diversity and its global biodiversity framework, and the desertification, ozone, wetlands and migratory species conventions. Each turns national pledges into collective goals through reporting, review and periodic stocktaking rather than targets enforced from outside. This page sets out how these regimes work, what their transparency 系统 record, and what negotiators, ministries and parliaments need to read the evidence honestly.
Climate and nature diplomacy in seven parts.
Climate and nature diplomacy: how the risk develops.
Global environmental cooperation. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.
Pledge and review
Under the 《巴黎协定》 each party sets its own nationally determined contribution and reports progress under the enhanced transparency framework. Ambition rises, if it does, through review, stocktake and peer pressure rather than penalties.
Consensus by default
Decisions at the Conference of the Parties are taken by consensus because the voting rule in the draft rules of procedure has never been adopted. Any party can block, so texts carry brackets, options and deliberate ambiguity until late in a session.
Finance and trust
Developing countries tie ambition to finance, technology transfer, capacity building and support for 损失与损害. Gaps between finance committed and finance delivered are among the main sources of distrust in the regimes.
Climate and nature interlock
Forests, wetlands, peatlands and oceans store carbon and hold biodiversity, so decisions in one regime affect the other. Synergies are pursued through national plans, though the conventions keep separate secretariats, budgets and reporting cycles.
Habitat condition in the Tigris and Euphrates Basin.
Land cover, vegetation and population density over the Tigris and Euphrates Basin, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.
交互式地图需要JavaScript；图层列表和来源见下文。
图层 3
本页的栖息地状况
关于此图层
- 证据
- 模型生成（GIBS 发布的最新年份）
- 来源
- MODIS Terra 和 Aqua 土地覆盖（MCD12Q1）（NASA LP DAAC）
- 提供方
- NASA LP DAAC
- 许可协议
- NASA 开放数据
- 年份版本
- 每年；卫星分类；GIBS 发布的最新年份
- 构建时的最新内容
- 2024-01-01
- 分辨率
- 约 500 米网格
- 不确定性
- 所示年份的卫星土地覆盖类别，含农田；该分类存在已知误差，并非农场登记册。
- 可通过以下方式到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许加载实时地图后访问
关于此图层
- 证据
- 观测（云层造成缺口）
- 来源
- MODIS Terra EVI（NASA LANCE）
- 提供方
- NASA LANCE
- 许可协议
- NASA 开放数据
- 年份版本
- 每日；卫星指数；云层造成缺口
- 构建时的最新内容
- 2026-10-13
- 分辨率
- 约 250 米网格
- 不确定性
- 截至所示日期 8 天的卫星植被指数，是栖息地状况指标；不衡量物种或生物多样性。
- 可通过以下方式到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许加载实时地图后访问
关于此图层
- 证据
- 估计值
- 来源
- 世界网格化人口 v4.11（NASA SEDAC（哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN））
- 提供方
- NASA SEDAC（CIESIN，哥伦比亚大学）
- 许可协议
- CC BY 4.0
- 年份版本
- null；基于人口普查的估算，静态（2020）
- 分辨率
- 约 1 公里网格
- 不确定性
- 基于普查的 2020 年每平方公里人口估算，作为风险暴露背景展示；不是受任何危害影响的人口数。
- 可通过以下方式到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许加载实时地图后访问
关于此图层
- 证据
- 观测（云层和过境时间造成缺口）
- 来源
- VIIRS NOAA-20 375 米（FIRMS）（NASA LANCE FIRMS）
- 提供方
- NASA LANCE FIRMS
- 许可协议
- NASA 开放数据
- 年份版本
- 每日；卫星探测；云层和过境时间造成缺口
- 构建时的最新内容
- 2026-10-13
- 分辨率
- 约 500 米网格
- 不确定性
- 所示日期的卫星热点探测结果，包括天然气火炬和工业热源；不是已确认的火情、事件报告或预警。
- 可通过以下方式到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许加载实时地图后访问
关于此图层
- 证据
- 观测
- 来源
- VIIRS 黑色大理石（VNP46A2）（NASA LAADS DAAC）
- 提供方
- NASA LAADS DAAC
- 许可协议
- NASA 开放数据
- 年份版本
- 每日；卫星辐亮度，已校正月光和大气影响
- 构建时的最新内容
- 2026-10-12
- 分辨率
- 约 500 米网格
- 不确定性
- 所示日期的卫星夜间辐亮度；灯光是用电和停电情况的代理指标，不是对供应或可及性的测量。
- 可通过以下方式到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许加载实时地图后访问
关于此图层
- 证据
- 观测（云层造成缺口）
- 来源
- VIIRS 全球洪水产品（NASA LANCE）
- 提供方
- NASA LANCE
- 许可协议
- NASA 开放数据
- 年份版本
- 每日；卫星探测；云层造成缺口
- 构建时的最新内容
- 2026-10-14
- 分辨率
- 约 250 米网格
- 不确定性
- 卫星探测；云层造成缺口。按提供方发布的原样提供的卫星或模型栅格数据。云层、扫描带缺口和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声；这些数值是指标，不是某一地点的测量值。
- 可通过以下方式到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许加载实时地图后访问
键盘操作，地图获得焦点时
按住 Ctrl 或 ⌘ 并滚动以缩放
最新可用
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap贡献者 (ODbL) · Natural Earth
正在加载最新的NASA影像。
拖动以移动。按住 Ctrl 或 ⌘ 并滚动、双指缩放或使用按钮缩放；悬停可查看指针下的数值；重置可返回该区域。
Habitat condition, framed on the Tigris and Euphrates Basin.NASA 发布的卫星和模型产品，各带自己的日期。它们是指标，而非对任何地点的评估。
数据：NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap 贡献者 · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT · 美国地质调查局来源与许可
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
- MODIS 陆地产品（植被指数、总初级生产力、土地覆盖），NASA LP DAAC 和 LANCE；影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘；显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均（经修改）。 NASA 开放数据
- Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). 采用 CC BY 4.0 许可。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘；显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均（经修改）。 doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
- NASA 资源管理火灾信息系统（FIRMS），VIIRS 375 m 活跃火点产品，NASA LANCE；矢量瓦片来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘；显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均（经修改）。 NASA 开放数据
- VIIRS Black Marble 夜间灯光，NASA 戈达德航天中心；由 NASA Level-1 与大气档案和分发系统（LAADS DAAC）分发；影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘；显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均（经修改）。 NASA 开放数据
- VIIRS 近实时产品（洪水、地表温度、积雪覆盖、校正反射率），NASA LANCE；影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘；显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均（经修改）。 NASA 开放数据
- ASTER GDEM 是 METI 和 NASA 的产品（ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003，NASA LP DAAC）；影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘；显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均（经修改）。引用格式：NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA 开放数据
- 使用 Natural Earth 制作。免费矢量和栅格地图数据，见 naturalearthdata.com。 公有领域
- © OpenStreetMap 贡献者（ODbL），经由 NASA GIBS（海岸线、边界、道路和地名）。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘；显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均（经修改）。 ODbL
- Blue Marble，NASA Earth Observatory；影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘；显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均（经修改）。 NASA 开放数据
- 地球仪和平面地图上的背景信息：海岸线、边界、道路和地名来自 NASA GIBS 参考图层（OpenStreetMap 数据，ODbL，© OpenStreetMap contributors）；Blue Marble 影像可作为可选底图；3D 地形和高程读数来自 ASTER GDEM 高程色彩指数（5 m 至 200 m 分级，为便于辨识而作了夸张处理）。边界按已发布的样式绘制，不代表对任何领土的立场。
- 实时事件：NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker（EONET）；事件仅供参考，并保留其原始来源链接。
- 实时：NASA EONET。事件仅供参考，不是主管机构的预警。
- Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- 实时：美国地质调查局。事件仅供参考，不是主管机构的预警。
- NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- 可选图层（图层列表中有 7 个来源：实时、预报、观测和背景）开启时会在地图上和此处显示其提供方署名；预报是模型输出，派生指数是估计值。
图层与日期
- 土地覆盖类型（IGBP），年度：MODIS Terra 和 Aqua 土地覆盖（MCD12Q1），NASA LP DAAC · 2024
- 增强型植被指数，滚动 8 天：MODIS Terra EVI，NASA LANCE · 2026年10月13日
- 人口密度，2020 年：人口：哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN，世界网格化人口 v4.11（2018），NASA SEDAC， CC BY 4.0 · 静态
- 活跃火点与热异常：VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m（FIRMS），NASA LANCE FIRMS · 2026年10月13日
- 夜间灯光，每日：VIIRS Black Marble（VNP46A2），NASA LAADS DAAC · 2026年10月12日
- 洪水水体，3 日合成：VIIRS 全球洪水产品，NASA LANCE · 2026年10月14日
衡量什么，以及衡量得如何。
每个指标都注明其单位、频率、背后的来源类型以及数值将附带的证据标签。此处不显示数值：数值由计划依据其自身权限提供。
| 指标 | 单位 | 节奏 | 来源类型 | 标签 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nationally determined contributions submitted in the current cycle | 缔约方数量 | 每个周期 | UNFCCC NDC 登记册 | 已声明 |
| Biennial transparency reports submitted | 缔约方数量 | 两年一次 | UNFCCC transparency submissions | 已发布统计 |
| NDC measures stated as conditional on international support | share of coded measures | per NDC | Coding of NDC texts | 估算 |
| Climate finance provided and mobilised, as reported | 每年货币金额 | 两年一次 | Biennial transparency reports | 已报告 |
| Agenda items held over to later sessions | count of items | 每场会议 | Subsidiary body and COP session reports | 已发布统计 |
| National biodiversity strategies aligned to the global framework | 缔约方数量 | 持续 | CBD clearing-house mechanism | 已发布统计 |
| Parties to the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol | 缔约方数量 | 持续 | 联合国条约集 | 已发布统计 |
| Proceedings on state climate obligations | count of pending and decided cases | 持续 | Court records and climate litigation databases | 已报告 |
谈判轨道服务台。
团队跟踪该主题时会使用的界面：其指标、状态与决策。名称为示例，数值仅作示意。
谈判轨道服务台
Climate and nature diplomacy · Shared basin dialogue · Round 7
跟踪
- 召集各方
- Fact-finding联合
- 备选方案共享
- 文本草案方括号
- 协议由各方决定
- 实施监测
条文草案、条款
| 第 3 条 | 数据交换 | 2 | 暂时同意（ad ref） |
| 第 5 条 | 枯水期分水 | 3 | 打开 |
| 第 7 条 | 工程通知 | 4 | 打开 |
| 第 9 条 | 争端预防 | 5 | 未讨论 |
主持人注
- 下一轮
- week 10
- 格式
- 闭门，不具名
- 决定
- 仅限各方
- GRF 的角色
- 召集、记录
证据来自何处。
具名公共数据集与机构记录，各自注明许可类别。依协议获得的来源仅按其条款使用，绝不再次发布。
| 来源 | 它提供什么 | 许可类别 |
|---|---|---|
| UNFCCC NDC 登记册 | Submitted nationally determined contributions and their updates | Public records, UNFCCC terms of use |
| UNFCCC transparency submissions | Biennial transparency reports, national inventory reports and technical expert review reports | Public records, UNFCCC terms of use |
| Earth Negotiations Bulletin (IISD) | Daily summaries of negotiating sessions and the positions of groups and parties | Free to read, attribution |
| CBD clearing-house mechanism | National biodiversity strategies, national reports and decisions of the Conference of the Parties | Public records, terms per secretariat |
| ICJ, ITLOS and regional human rights court records | Advisory opinions and pleadings on state obligations in respect of 气候变化 | 公共记录 |
| Sabin Center climate litigation databases (Columbia University) | Climate cases by jurisdiction, with filings and decisions | Free to read, attribution |
| IPCC assessment reports | Assessed science that negotiations and the global stocktake draw on | Free to read, IPCC copyright and permissions |
比较文书：规则、激励和信息。
三类工具在你设定的覆盖率和遵从率下与基线并列比较，每类都有自己的滞后和采用速度；效应大小是教学用数值，应以证据替换。情景：关于未来的具名假设，不是预测。本页地图显示底格里斯河与幼发拉底河流域；模型本身并不绑定某个地点。
控制措施
- 结果的基线趋势
- 每年 2.0%
- 该工具的覆盖范围
- 70%
- 合规
- 75%
- 效应量，相对于教学取值
- 100%
- 未来年数
- 20 年
读数
- 期末时点降幅最大
- 监管
- 相对基线的降幅
- 21%
数字、方法与来源
| 年份 | 基线 | 监管 | 经济激励 | 信息与能力 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 100.0 | 99.5 | 98.8 | 99.1 |
| 1 | 102.0 | 101.2 | 100.1 | 99.8 |
| 2 | 104.0 | 102.5 | 101.1 | 99.9 |
| 3 | 106.1 | 103.5 | 101.6 | 100.0 |
| 4 | 108.2 | 103.7 | 101.8 | 100.7 |
| 5 | 110.4 | 103.2 | 101.7 | 102.1 |
| 6 | 112.6 | 102.0 | 101.6 | 103.9 |
| 7 | 114.9 | 100.4 | 101.6 | 105.9 |
| 8 | 117.2 | 99.2 | 102.1 | 108.0 |
| 9 | 119.5 | 98.6 | 102.9 | 110.1 |
| 10 | 121.9 | 98.9 | 104.2 | 112.3 |
| 11 | 124.3 | 99.7 | 105.7 | 114.5 |
| 12 | 126.8 | 101.1 | 107.4 | 116.8 |
| 13 | 129.4 | 102.7 | 109.4 | 119.2 |
| 14 | 131.9 | 104.5 | 111.4 | 121.6 |
| 15 | 134.6 | 106.5 | 113.5 | 124.0 |
| 16 | 137.3 | 108.5 | 115.7 | 126.5 |
| 17 | 140.0 | 110.7 | 118.0 | 129.0 |
| 18 | 142.8 | 112.9 | 120.4 | 131.6 |
| 19 | 145.7 | 115.1 | 122.8 | 134.2 |
| 20 | 148.6 | 117.4 | 125.2 | 136.9 |
方法
- 政府工具 Hood (1983), The Tools of Government, Macmillan
- 胡萝卜、大棒与说教 Bemelmans-Videc, Rist and Vedung (1998), Transaction
- 创新扩散 Rogers (2003), Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press
- 不确定性扇形图（参数蒙特卡罗） Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333
- 单因素敏感性（龙卷风图） Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley
数据
The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:
- 边界 Natural Earth
- 城市 Natural Earth
贯穿六大支柱，由 Nexus Consortium 牵头
由谁决定，以及证据服务于什么。
Diplomacy Nexus 负责准备证据。以下决定由所列主管机构依据其自身规则作出，绝不由平台作出。
| 谁来决定 | 问题 | 本页面服务的证据 |
|---|---|---|
| Heads of delegation and lead negotiators | Which text options to support, which to bracket and where to trade across agenda items | Text histories, group positions on record, the assessed science each option relies on |
| Environment, foreign and finance ministries | What to put in the next NDC and which parts to make conditional on support | Comparative NDC practice, transparency review findings, finance reporting |
| COP presidencies and co-facilitators | How to sequence consultations so that a consensus text becomes possible | Records of earlier sessions, items held over and the positions behind them |
| Parliaments and supreme audit institutions | Whether the government’s pledges, reports and domestic measures are consistent | The pledge, the transparency reports and the review findings set side by side |
该主题产生的产出
- Records of how negotiating texts changed between sessions and why
- Comparative reading guides to NDCs and transparency reports
- Science diplomacy guides on bringing assessed science into stocktakes and reviews
- Maps of linkages between climate, biodiversity and ocean decisions
从授权到评估，按支柱划分。
一项工具从授权到评估所经历的步骤，每一步都标明由哪个支柱执行，以及哪些决定仍由主管当局作出。这是带有说明性取值的教学模型，不是预测。本页地图显示底格里斯河与幼发拉底河流域；模型本身并不绑定某个地点。
- 授权与问题界定 主管当局（计划之外）
主管当局依其自身规则界定问题和授权。 Howlett、Ramesh 和 Perl（2009） - 证据与系统模型 Foundry
对系统及其反馈、数据和已说明的局限进行建模。 OECD (2014)，原则 2 - 在情景下评估备选方案 Foundry
在情景下比较各项政策工具，并显示不确定性。 Hood (1983) - 与利益相关方演练 宇宙
在演练中与将实施和承担这些方案的各方一起检验方案。 OECD（2014），原则 3 - 起草标准或指南 Nexus Standards
行之有效的做法被编纂为标准或指南，并公开征求意见。 Nexus Standards 流程 - 由主管当局决定 主管当局（计划之外）
主管当局在计划之外，依据记录在案的证据作出决定。 Howlett、Ramesh 和 Perl（2009） - 能力与培训 Risk Academy
负责实施的人员接受关于所决定文书及其数据的培训。 仙台框架（2015），优先事项 2 - 监测与公开报告 报告
指标连同来源、局限和更正一并发布。 OECD（2014），原则 5 - 评估与修订 Nexus Standards
结果反馈至标准和模型：循环闭合。 Howlett、Ramesh 和 Perl（2009）
方法
- 政策周期 Howlett, Ramesh and Perl (2009), Studying Public Policy, Oxford University Press
- 关键风险治理 OECD（2014），Recommendation of the Council on the Governance of Critical Risks
- 有向图的分层绘制 Sugiyama, Tagawa and Toda (1981), IEEE SMC 11
贯穿六大支柱，由 Nexus Consortium 牵头
从业者与学者提出的问题。
- How do international agreements turn shared goals into national action?
- How is fairness addressed between countries with different responsibilities and capacities?
- How are commitments measured, reported and reviewed?
- How do climate and biodiversity agreements interact?
- How can adaptation and 损失与损害 be addressed cooperatively?
Exercise a cascade in climate and nature diplomacy with the people who decide.
Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile 地缘政治与安全风险: the hazards it names, the 系统 and communities that carry the loss, the controls and institutions that dampen it and the data that observe it. Pick an initiating event and step through the cascade to see where mandates meet and which decisions fall to whom. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every weight is a stated assumption. An exercise for dialogue, not a forecast, an assessment or a position. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.
灾害
- Interstate war
- Mass displacement （在下游引发）
- Attacks on critical infrastructure （在下游引发）
- Explosive remnants and landmines (set off downstream)
- Conflict-related environmental damage (set off downstream)
- Trade restriction or embargo (set off downstream)
- Commodity price shock (set off downstream)
- Satellite-navigation disruption (set off downstream)
- Acute food crisis (set off downstream)
- Deliberate destruction of cultural heritage (set off downstream)
- Nuclear facility in an armed conflict (set off downstream)
- Chokepoint blockage (set off downstream)
- Post-disaster traumatic stress (set off downstream)
- Nuclear plant accident (set off downstream)
控制措施
NS-0章程与原则NS-3风险记录 UNI（语法、旧编码对照、分配机构）NS-9情境 UNI（部署、实例、计划实例）NS-11验证与监测（证据、证明、零信任符合性观测）NRS-P8安全、恐怖主义与地缘政治风险NRS-H60危害类别：供应链与流动中断（NHS-1 sys.supply-chain）NRS-H62危害类别：复合与多危害事件（NHS-1 sys.compound）NRS-H31危害类别：持久性和生物累积性物质（NHS-1 poll.persistent）NRS-H41危害族：动物向人类的溢出（NHS-1 health.zoonotic）NRS-H59危害类别：经济冲击与治理失灵（NHS-1 soc.economic）
观测
- Geopolitical Risk Index (Caldara and Iacoviello) (listed for reference)
- UCDP Georeferenced Event Dataset and Candidate Events (listed for reference)
- GDELT event database and global knowledge graph (listed for reference)
- Worldwide Governance Indicators (listed for reference)
- Conflict-related deaths per 100,000 population
示例地理范围
- The Horn of Africa: 253 hexagonal cells
- 今夜夜间灯光与停电（VIIRS 昼夜波段），NASA GIBS
- 地表土壤湿度（SMAP），NASA GIBS
What makes environmental cooperation difficult.
气候变化 is a classic 集体行动问题: the benefits of reducing emissions are shared globally, while costs are borne nationally. Agreements have moved towards nationally determined commitments with collective review, which broadens participation but makes ambition depend on domestic politics.
Fairness is central. Countries differ in historical emissions, current capacity and exposure to impacts. Questions of finance, technology transfer and support for adaptation are therefore part of every negotiation. Biodiversity governance faces similar issues, with added questions of access to genetic resources and the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities.
Climate and nature are linked physically and institutionally. Ecosystems store carbon and buffer impacts; climate change drives biodiversity loss. Yet the agreements governing them developed separately.
Why now: the International Court of Justice’s advisory opinion on climate obligations (July 2025) and the entry into force of the agreement on marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (January 2026) reshape the context for negotiation. Diplomacy Nexus convenes evidence exchange; it negotiates for no one.
Who a decision on climate and nature diplomacy reaches.
The sectors a policy on climate and nature diplomacy has to coordinate: a choice in one ministry lands in the others.
签名
生物多样性及其合作伙伴
生物多样性为粮食提供授粉和土壤（0.6），为水提供流域调节（0.5），为健康带来人畜共患病溢出和药物（0.4）。
W · E · I · F · H · B
- 部门
- 4 共 6
- 关系
- 6 共 15
- 耦合
- 0.46 占总量份额
当前最强的关系
- 粮食 → 生物多样性 · 土地转换0.6
- 水 → 粮食 · 灌溉0.8
- 水 → 生物多样性 · 生态流量0.6
- 粮食 → 健康 · 营养0.7
平台如何处理该主题。
- 01
Scientific evidence
Shared understanding of climate and ecosystem science from the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) platforms such as 气候与灾害 and the Biodiversity Nexus.
- 02
制度分析
Studying how agreements, review mechanisms and finance arrangements work, using policy science.
- 03
Comparative implementation
Examining how countries translate commitments into policy. Contexts differ widely.
- 04
结构化对话
Convening scientists, institutions and practitioners on implementation questions.
The platform does not negotiate or take positions on national commitments. Its records describe discussion, not agreement.
How climate and nature diplomacy is governed: instruments, mandates and commitments.
政策制定者、外交官或发展机构所使用的文书、授权、行为方和问责安排，并注明设定它们的协定。结构遵循所列框架。所绘制的任何状态或进展均为说明性，并非记录。
随时间变化的授权与协定
The agreements that set mandates and commitments on climate and nature diplomacy, from adoption to their current horizon.
- 1992《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《生物多样性公约》联合国
- 2015《仙台减少灾害风险框架》UNDRR
- 2015《2030 年可持续发展议程》和可持续发展目标联合国
- 2015《巴黎协定》UNFCCC
- 2022昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架CBD
- 2023《巴黎协定》下的首次全球盘点UNFCCC
- 2024《未来契约》和《全球数字契约》联合国
问题与解答。
Are NDCs legally binding?
What does the compliance committee do?
Why is consensus so hard to reach?
What do the advisory opinions on climate change do?
Does the platform advocate particular climate targets?
How does this differ from Climate and Nature Governance?
Are non-state actors included?
Does GRF represent anyone in climate negotiations?
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