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GRF · Capital Nexus

اقتصاد برای تصمیم‌های سرمایهٔ عمومی

Economics and development economics examine how public capital, development finance and fiscal choices affect growth, welfare and distribution. In this field they frame the trade-offs that finance ministries, parliaments and multilateral boards weigh, from the returns to public investment to the incidence of taxes and the indirect costs of shocks.

01ثبت

Key facts.

Method recordSTEM method
  1. روشاقتصاد و اقتصاد توسعه
  2. Applied inCapital Nexus
  3. داده5 inputs
  4. Canonical pageSTEM Commons
02درخواست

What economics and development economics does here.

Economics and development economics study how societies produce, distribute and consume resources and how living standards change. They estimate the costs of shocks and the trade-offs among policy responses. In development finance, sovereign and public finance and financial stability, economic analysis quantifies indirect losses as shocks spread through supply chains and labour markets. It supports prioritising investment in prevention and recovery. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.

Appraisal of public investment

Cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness methods are applied to public projects with explicit discount rates, shadow prices and risk adjustments, so the basis for selection can be scrutinised.

Fiscal incidence of policy choices

Taxes, transfers and service use are allocated to households to show who gains and who pays under alternative budget and adjustment paths, with assumptions stated.

Indirect costs of shocks

Input-output and general equilibrium models trace how a disaster or financial crisis spreads through sectors, jobs and revenue, framing the fiscal exposure that resilience finance must cover.

03ابزارها و تعهدها

How economics for public capital decisions is governed: instruments, mandates and commitments.

ابزارها، مأموریت‌ها، کنشگران و ترتیبات پاسخگویی‌ای که یک سیاست‌گذار، دیپلمات یا نهاد توسعه با آن‌ها کار می‌کند، با ذکر توافق‌هایی که آن‌ها را تعیین کرده‌اند. ساختارها از چارچوب‌های نام‌برده پیروی می‌کنند. هر وضعیت یا پیشرفتی که ترسیم شده گویاست، نه سابقه.

پیامدهای توسعه

The Sustainable Development Goals and targets that outcomes on economics for public capital decisions are reported against.

هدفهدفپیوند این موضوع با دیگر موضوع‌ها
هدف 1، پایان فقرهدف 1.5، تاب‌آوری فقرا و گروه‌های آسیب‌پذیرپیامدهای گزارش‌شده از طریق نشانگر توافق‌شدهٔ هدف
هدف 17، مشارکت برای دستیابی به اهدافهدف 17.4، پایداری بلندمدت بدهیپیامدهای گزارش‌شده از طریق نشانگر توافق‌شدهٔ هدف
هدف 10، کاهش نابرابری‌هاهدف 10.5، مقررات‌گذاری و پایش بازارهای مالیپیامدهای گزارش‌شده از طریق نشانگر توافق‌شدهٔ هدف
هدف 16، صلح، عدالت و نهادهای قویهدف 16.6، نهادهای اثربخش، پاسخگو و شفافپیامدهای گزارش‌شده از طریق نشانگر توافق‌شدهٔ هدف
Goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda, chosen from the page’s fields; indicators are reported by countries, not by the Forum.
چارچوب سندای برای کاهش ریسک سوانح · UNDRRParis Agreement · UNFCCCدستور کار 2030 و اهداف توسعهٔ پایدار · سازمان ملل متحدInternational Health Regulations · WHO
04داده

What the method consumes.

Datasets and records used by economics and development economics on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in the source register.

دادهنقشبرچسب
National accountsOutput, investment and sector structureآمارهای منتشرشده
Household income and expenditure surveysDistribution and incidenceبرآوردشده
Government finance statistics by functionSpending and revenue compositionآمارهای منتشرشده
Input-output tablesSector linkages for shock propagationمدل‌سازی‌شده
Project appraisal documentsAssumptions and appraisal practiceDECLARED
05فرایند

فرایند چگونه پیش می‌رود.

Process explorer · Process

Economics for public capital decisions: PRISMA 2020 review reporting

10 steps4 مرحله

فرایند

Economics for public capital decisions: PRISMA 2020 review reporting

PRISMA 2020 is a reporting guideline for systematic reviews; the steps follow its checklist, not a mandated sequence, and no Nexus document adopts it.

  1. 01 Plan

    1. 01Registration and protocolRecord · The review teamThe guideline asks for registration details, access to the protocol and any amendments.
    2. 02Eligibility criteriaRecord · The review teamThe guideline asks for the inclusion and exclusion criteria and how studies were grouped.
  2. 02 Find and select

    1. 03Search: sources and strategiesStep · The review teamThe guideline asks for the information sources and the full search strategies. It does not fix which sources are used.
    2. 04Selection of studiesStep · The review teamThe guideline asks how studies were judged eligible, including how many reviewers screened. It does not fix the number of reviewers.
    3. 05Flow diagramسابقهThe flow diagram shows the number of records found, the number of studies included and the reasons for exclusion.
  3. 03 Analyse

    1. 06Data collectionStep · The review teamThe guideline asks how data were collected from reports and which data items were sought.
    2. 07Risk of biasStep · The review teamThe guideline asks for the methods and tools used to assess risk of bias.
    3. 08SynthesisModel · The review teamThe guideline asks for the effect measures and the synthesis methods. It does not prescribe meta-analysis.
    4. 09قطعیت شواهدStep · The review teamThe guideline asks for the methods used to assess certainty, and reports the result per outcome. It does not name a grading scale.
  4. 04 Report

    1. 10Review reportسابقهThe guideline helps authors report why the review was done, what they did and what they found.

گزارش‌هاOutline of an externally published reporting guideline, not a Nexus process and not a record of operation. PRISMA 2020 mainly covers reviews of intervention effects. No Nexus page names it. Every programme is at service level R0.

06اعتبارسنجی

How results are checked.

Models are assessed against historical episodes and out-of-sample data. Parameter estimates are compared across studies and identification strategies.

بررسیHow it is done
Ex post evaluationAppraisal assumptions are compared with completed project outcomes where evaluations exist
Sensitivity to parametersResults are reported across plausible discount rates, elasticities and incidence assumptions
Cross-method comparisonPartial and general equilibrium estimates of the same shock are compared and differences explained

Equilibrium models may understate disruption and nonlinear cascades. Informal economies and non-market losses are poorly measured.

08تولیت

Who maintains the method.

توسعهٔ اقتصادی stewards economics and development economics for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.

09متصل

جایی که این صفحه در سراسر کنسرسیوم به آن می‌رسد.

10پرسش‌ها

پرسش و پاسخ.

What are the limits of economics and development economics in this field?
Equilibrium models may understate disruption and nonlinear cascades. Informal economies and non-market losses are poorly measured.
How are results checked?
Models are assessed against historical episodes and out-of-sample data. Parameter estimates are compared across studies and identification strategies.
Are the values on this page real?
The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method’s use, not a run; no result is reported here.
Where else is this method applied?
رصدخانهٔ canonical method page lists every platform that applies it.
گزارش‌هامشارکت

از همین صفحه شواهد بیفزایید.

Reports is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

⁨Global Risks Forum⁩Capital Nexusآمادگی مالی و بیمهگزارش مختصر شواهد
Capital Nexus

پرسش حکمرانی خود را نزد Forum بیاورید.

اطلاعات و پرسش‌ها از امروز باز است. هر پرسش شمارهٔ مرجعی می‌گیرد و گام بعد را نام می‌برد؛ درخواست‌ها، پرداخت‌ها، تخصیص توان رایانشی و ثبت‌نام‌ها تنها زمانی باز می‌شوند که تیم، شرایط و ظرفیت بررسی آن‌ها فراهم باشد.