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GRF · Diplomacy Nexus

面向跨境合作的政策科学

Policy, institutional and decision science is the core method of this platform. It reads treaties, mandates, rules of procedure and implementation records to explain how institutions cooperate across borders, where responsibility for a shared risk is unclear and which arrangements have held under stress.

01登记

关键事实。

方法记录STEM 方法
  1. 方法政策、制度与决策科学
  2. 管理者Policy Nexus
  3. 应用于Diplomacy Nexus
  4. 规范页面STEM 公共资源
02申请

政策、制度与决策科学在此处的作用。

Policy, institutional and decision science studies how public decisions are made, implemented and evaluated. It examines how institutions coordinate across sectors and levels of government when facing shared risks. In diplomacy and cooperation, water and climate and hazards, policy science identifies governance gaps where responsibility for cross-sector risk is unclear. It supports the design of mandates, coordination mechanisms and accountability. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.

Comparative treaty analysis

Basin and environmental treaties are coded for allocation rules, data exchange, notification, joint bodies, dispute settlement and review clauses, so negotiators can see how comparable provisions are drafted and which have been used.

Mandate and institutional mapping

For a shared risk, each body with a mandate is mapped with its legal basis, membership, decision rule and reporting duty, showing gaps and overlaps that no single institution owns.

实施审查

Commitments in agreements and communiqués are traced to reports, decisions and practice, keeping apart what was promised, what was reported and what independent records show.

03政策情景

比较文书:规则、激励和信息。

三类工具在你设定的覆盖率和遵从率下与基线并列比较,每类都有自己的滞后和采用速度;效应大小是教学用数值,应以证据替换。情景:关于未来的具名假设,不是预测。

控制措施

结果的基线趋势
每年 2.0%
该工具的覆盖范围
70%
合规
75%
效应量,相对于教学取值
100%
未来年数
20 年

读数

期末时点降幅最大
监管
相对基线的降幅
21%
数字、方法与来源
年份基线监管经济激励信息与能力
0100.099.598.899.1
1102.0101.2100.199.8
2104.0102.5101.199.9
3106.1103.5101.6100.0
4108.2103.7101.8100.7
5110.4103.2101.7102.1
6112.6102.0101.6103.9
7114.9100.4101.6105.9
8117.299.2102.1108.0
9119.598.6102.9110.1
10121.998.9104.2112.3
11124.399.7105.7114.5
12126.8101.1107.4116.8
13129.4102.7109.4119.2
14131.9104.5111.4121.6
15134.6106.5113.5124.0
16137.3108.5115.7126.5
17140.0110.7118.0129.0
18142.8112.9120.4131.6
19145.7115.1122.8134.2
20148.6117.4125.2136.9

方法

  1. 政府工具 Hood (1983), The Tools of Government, Macmillan
  2. 胡萝卜、大棒与说教 Bemelmans-Videc, Rist and Vedung (1998), Transaction
  3. 创新扩散 Rogers (2003), Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press
  4. 不确定性扇形图(参数蒙特卡罗) Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333
  5. 单因素敏感性(龙卷风图) Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley

数据

The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:

  • 边界 Natural Earth
  • 城市 Natural Earth
比较政策工具:规则、激励和信息。示意性教学模型:依据控件设定的数值运行,而非实测数据。方法:政府工具(Hood (1983), The Tools of Government, Macmillan);胡萝卜、大棒与说教(Bemelmans-Videc, Rist and Vedung (1998), Transaction);创新扩散(Rogers (2003), Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press)。
04数据

该方法使用的输入。

本平台上政策、制度与决策科学所使用的数据集与记录,注明各自的作用及其数值所附的标签。来源列于 来源登记册.

数据角色标签
Treaty texts and depositary recordsObligations, parties, reservations and declarations已发布统计
Basin organisation and secretariat recordsMandates, rules of procedure, decisions and meeting reports已发布统计
Coded treaty and agreement databasesComparable provisions across agreements估算
National reports under conventionsSelf-assessed implementation已报告
Negotiation summariesPositions and text changes between sessions已报告
05实施

从授权到评估,按支柱划分。

一项文书从授权到评估所经历的步骤,每一步都标明负责运行的支柱,以及仍由当局作出的决定。这是带有明示说明性数值的教学模型,不是预测。

  1. 授权与问题界定 主管当局(计划之外)
    主管当局依其自身规则界定问题和授权。 Howlett、Ramesh 和 Perl(2009)
  2. 证据与系统模型 Foundry
    对系统及其反馈、数据和已说明的局限进行建模。 OECD (2014),原则 2
  3. 在情景下评估备选方案 Foundry
    在情景下比较各项政策工具,并显示不确定性。 Hood (1983)
  4. 与利益相关方演练 宇宙
    在演练中与将实施和承担这些方案的各方一起检验方案。 OECD(2014),原则 3
  5. 起草标准或指南 Nexus Standards
    行之有效的做法被编纂为标准或指南,并公开征求意见。 Nexus Standards 流程
  6. 由主管当局决定 主管当局(计划之外)
    主管当局在计划之外,依据记录在案的证据作出决定。 Howlett、Ramesh 和 Perl(2009)
  7. 能力与培训 Risk Academy
    负责实施的人员接受关于所决定文书及其数据的培训。 仙台框架(2015),优先事项 2
  8. 监测与公开报告 报告
    指标连同来源、局限和更正一并发布。 OECD(2014),原则 5
  9. 评估与修订 Nexus Standards
    结果反馈至标准和模型:循环闭合。 Howlett、Ramesh 和 Perl(2009)

方法

  1. 政策周期 Howlett, Ramesh and Perl (2009), Studying Public Policy, Oxford University Press
  2. 关键风险治理 OECD(2014),Recommendation of the Council on the Governance of Critical Risks
  3. 有向图的分层绘制 Sugiyama, Tagawa and Toda (1981), IEEE SMC 11
从授权到评估,按支柱划分:所记录的各个步骤及其所属支柱;来源按各步骤所引。
06验证

结果如何核查。

结论通过比较案例、反事实评估与同行评审加以检验。实施结果对照既定目标进行监测。

核查如何开展
Inter-coder reliabilityTwo coders code a sample of agreements independently; disagreements are resolved and reported before the coding is used
来源三角验证Self-reported implementation is compared with secretariat records and independent sources before it is described
Counterfactual cautionClaims that an institution caused an outcome are tested against comparable cases without it
Legal accuracy reviewStatements of obligation are checked against the treaty text and authoritative interpretation

研究发现往往因情境而异,难以推广。政治动态可能压倒技术上更优的选项。

07工具与承诺

How policy science for cross-border cooperation is governed: instruments, mandates and commitments.

政策制定者、外交官或发展机构所使用的文书、授权、行为方和问责安排,并注明设定它们的协定。结构遵循所列框架。所绘制的任何状态或进展均为说明性,并非记录。

随时间变化的授权与协定

The agreements that set mandates and commitments on policy science for cross-border cooperation, from adoption to their current horizon.

  1. 1992《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《生物多样性公约》联合国
  2. 2015《仙台减少灾害风险框架》UNDRR
  3. 2015《2030 年可持续发展议程》和可持续发展目标联合国
  4. 2015《巴黎协定》UNFCCC
  5. 2022昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架CBD
  6. 2023《巴黎协定》下的首次全球盘点UNFCCC
  7. 2024《未来契约》和《全球数字契约》联合国
Adoption years of the agreements named; the texts and their bodies are the authority. Chosen from the page’s fields.
《仙台框架》(减少灾害风险) · 联合国减少灾害风险办公室《巴黎协定》 · 《联合国气候变化框架公约》《2030 年可持续发展议程》和可持续发展目标 · 联合国《国际卫生条例》 · 世卫组织
09管理责任

由谁维护该方法。

Policy Nexus 为 Consortium 管理政策、制度与决策科学,并审查其在各平台上的应用情况。

11问题

问题与解答。

在该领域,政策、制度与决策科学有哪些局限?
研究发现往往因情境而异,难以推广。政治动态可能压倒技术上更优的选项。
结果如何核查?
结论通过比较案例、反事实评估与同行评审加以检验。实施结果对照既定目标进行监测。
本页面上的数值是真实的吗?
The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method’s use, not a run; no result is reported here.
该方法还应用于何处?
维持社会运转的各个 规范方法页面 列出应用该方法的每个平台。
报告贡献

从本页贡献证据。

报告 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

全球风险论坛(Global Risks Forum)Diplomacy Nexus区域系统证据简报
Diplomacy Nexus

把一个治理问题带到论坛。

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