Skip to content

GRF · 人工智能与数字治理

AI 与数字治理中的数字身份与公共数字系统

Digital identity 系统 let people prove who they are online and let services decide what they may access. In digital governance they are infrastructure for rights and services, and a point where exclusion, surveillance and fraud risks concentrate.

提出咨询 返回 AI 与数字治理的 STEM 基础
01登记

关键事实。

方法记录STEM 方法
  1. 方法Digital identity and public digital 系统
  3. 应用于人工智能与数字治理
  6. 规范页面STEM 公共资源
02申请

What digital identity and public digital systems does here.

Digital identity and public digital 系统 provide the means for people and organisations to prove who they are and access services online. They underpin 社会保护, financial inclusion and emergency assistance. In artificial intelligence, digital public infrastructure and cyber and digital resilience, digital identity systems determine how quickly aid and payments reach people after shocks. Their failure or misuse can amplify social and economic harm. The canonical description is on STEM Commons.

Assurance levels for public services

Identity assurance levels are matched to the risk of each service, so high-risk transactions get stronger proof and low-risk ones do not exclude people unnecessarily.

Minimal disclosure

Selective disclosure and verifiable credentials let a person prove an attribute, such as age, without revealing their full identity.

Exclusion analysis

Enrolment and authentication failure rates are examined by group to find who is excluded from services by identity requirements.

03政策情景

比较文书：规则、激励和信息。

三类工具在你设定的覆盖率和遵从率下与基线并列比较，每类都有自己的滞后和采用速度；效应大小是教学用数值，应以证据替换。情景：关于未来的具名假设，不是预测。

控制措施

结果的基线趋势
每年 2.0%
该工具的覆盖范围
70%
合规
75%
效应量，相对于教学取值
100%
未来年数
20 年

读数

期末时点降幅最大
监管
相对基线的降幅
21%
数字、方法与来源
年份基线监管经济激励信息与能力
0100.099.598.899.1
1102.0101.2100.199.8
2104.0102.5101.199.9
3106.1103.5101.6100.0
4108.2103.7101.8100.7
5110.4103.2101.7102.1
6112.6102.0101.6103.9
7114.9100.4101.6105.9
8117.299.2102.1108.0
9119.598.6102.9110.1
10121.998.9104.2112.3
11124.399.7105.7114.5
12126.8101.1107.4116.8
13129.4102.7109.4119.2
14131.9104.5111.4121.6
15134.6106.5113.5124.0
16137.3108.5115.7126.5
17140.0110.7118.0129.0
18142.8112.9120.4131.6
19145.7115.1122.8134.2
20148.6117.4125.2136.9

方法

  1. 政府工具 Hood (1983), The Tools of Government, Macmillan
  2. 胡萝卜、大棒与说教 Bemelmans-Videc, Rist and Vedung (1998), Transaction
  3. 创新扩散 Rogers (2003), Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press
  4. 不确定性扇形图（参数蒙特卡罗） Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333
  5. 单因素敏感性（龙卷风图） Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley

数据

The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:

  • 边界 Natural Earth
  • 城市 Natural Earth
比较政策工具：规则、激励和信息。示意性教学模型：依据控件设定的数值运行，而非实测数据。方法：政府工具（Hood (1983), The Tools of Government, Macmillan）；胡萝卜、大棒与说教（Bemelmans-Videc, Rist and Vedung (1998), Transaction）；创新扩散（Rogers (2003), Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press）。

贯穿六大支柱，由 Nexus Consortium 牵头

04数据

该方法使用的输入。

Datasets and records used by digital identity and public digital 系统 on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in 来源登记册.

数据角色标签
Identity programme statisticsCoverage and enrolment已发布统计
Authentication failure logsExclusion evidence观测
World Bank ID4D dataComparative coverage估算
Standards documentsAssurance requirements已发布统计
05实施

从授权到评估，按支柱划分。

一项文书从授权到评估所经历的步骤，每一步都标明负责运行的支柱，以及仍由当局作出的决定。这是带有明示说明性数值的教学模型，不是预测。

  1. 授权与问题界定 主管当局（计划之外）
    主管当局依其自身规则界定问题和授权。 Howlett、Ramesh 和 Perl（2009）
  2. 证据与系统模型 Foundry
    对系统及其反馈、数据和已说明的局限进行建模。 OECD (2014)，原则 2
  3. 在情景下评估备选方案 Foundry
    在情景下比较各项政策工具，并显示不确定性。 Hood (1983)
  4. 与利益相关方演练 宇宙
    在演练中与将实施和承担这些方案的各方一起检验方案。 OECD（2014），原则 3
  5. 起草标准或指南 Nexus Standards
    行之有效的做法被编纂为标准或指南，并公开征求意见。 Nexus Standards 流程
  6. 由主管当局决定 主管当局（计划之外）
    主管当局在计划之外，依据记录在案的证据作出决定。 Howlett、Ramesh 和 Perl（2009）
  7. 能力与培训 Risk Academy
    负责实施的人员接受关于所决定文书及其数据的培训。 仙台框架（2015），优先事项 2
  8. 监测与公开报告 报告
    指标连同来源、局限和更正一并发布。 OECD（2014），原则 5
  9. 评估与修订 Nexus Standards
    结果反馈至标准和模型：循环闭合。 Howlett、Ramesh 和 Perl（2009）

方法

  1. 政策周期 Howlett, Ramesh and Perl (2009), Studying Public Policy, Oxford University Press
  2. 关键风险治理 OECD（2014），Recommendation of the Council on the Governance of Critical Risks
  3. 有向图的分层绘制 Sugiyama, Tagawa and Toda (1981), IEEE SMC 11
从授权到评估，按支柱划分：所记录的各个步骤及其所属支柱；来源按各步骤所引。

贯穿六大支柱，由 Nexus Consortium 牵头

06验证

结果如何核查。

系统 are tested for accuracy of matching, resistance to fraud and accessibility. Independent audits review privacy and security controls.

核查如何开展
Coverage by groupCoverage and failure rates are reported by age, gender, disability and region where possible
Purpose limitationUses of identity data are checked against stated legal purposes
Fallback routesServices offer alternatives when authentication fails

Exclusion errors can deny services to vulnerable groups. Centralised systems create attractive targets and single points of failure.

07工具与承诺

工具、职责与承诺。

政策制定者、外交官或发展机构所使用的文书、授权、行为方和问责安排，并注明设定它们的协定。结构遵循所列框架。所绘制的任何状态或进展均为说明性，并非记录。

政策工具矩阵

The kinds of instrument available on Digital identity and public digital systems at AI and Digital Governance, by level of government and cooperation.

工具类型地方国家区域全球
监管型分区、建筑规范法律、标准、许可统一规则公约与条约
经济地方税费、拨款预算项目、税收、保险计划风险池，区域基金融资机制
信息地方预警披露、预警、统计数据共享安排全球监测与报告
制度型地方委员会牵头机构，协调理事会区域机构与秘书处多边授权
合作型社区协议伙伴关系契约谅解备忘录与联合计划协定与共同承诺
A typology after the OECD Recommendation on the Governance of Critical Risks; examples of instrument types, not an inventory of any country’s measures.
《仙台框架》（减少灾害风险） · 联合国减少灾害风险办公室《巴黎协定》 · 《联合国气候变化框架公约》《2030 年可持续发展议程》和可持续发展目标 · 联合国《国际卫生条例》 · 世卫组织
08关联

依赖该方法的主题。

09管理责任

由谁维护该方法。

数字公共基础设施 stewards digital identity and public digital 系统 for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.

Canonical page: Digital identity and public digital systems

10已关联

本页在整个联合体中通向何处。

11问题

问题与解答。

What are the limits of digital identity and public digital systems in this field?
Exclusion errors can deny services to vulnerable groups. Centralised systems create attractive targets and single points of failure.
结果如何核查？
Systems are tested for accuracy of matching, resistance to fraud and accessibility. Independent audits review privacy and security controls.
本页面上的数值是真实的吗？
The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method’s use, not a run; no result is reported here.
该方法还应用于何处？
维持社会运转的各个 规范方法页面 列出应用该方法的每个平台。
报告贡献

从本页贡献证据。

报告 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

全球风险论坛（Global Risks Forum）人工智能与数字治理指数级技术证据简报

切勿发送个人数据、敏感基础设施细节或您无权分享的任何内容。贡献在使用前会经过审查；发送贡献不赋予署名权或编辑权，赞助也绝不能换取研究结论。

人工智能与数字治理

把一个治理问题带到论坛。

信息和咨询现已开放。每项咨询都会获得一个编号，并告知下一步；申请、付款、算力分配和注册只有在相应团队、条款和审查能力就绪时才会开放。

提议一场对话 查看全部联系途径
法律
显示全部 18 份法律文件

本网站上的地图、数据和图表仅作为背景和一般信息展示。它们不是建议、预测或预警；信息的局限见免责声明和数据说明。