GRF · Diplomacy Nexus
共享的水和能源系统
Rivers, aquifers and power grids cross borders, and decisions in one state change what arrives in another: a dam upstream alters flow, sediment and fisheries downstream, and a transmission line links the hydropower of one country to the demand of its neighbour. This page sets out the law and institutions that govern shared water and energy, how cooperation is recorded and measured, and what basin commissions, ministries and lenders need when a planned project or a changing climate tests an agreement.
Shared water and energy systems in seven parts.
Shared water and energy systems: how the risk develops.
Cross-border resource dialogue. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.
Upstream choice, downstream consequence
Storage shifts the timing of flow, abstraction reduces its volume and both change sediment and nutrient loads. The legal questions are whether a use is equitable and reasonable and whether it causes significant harm, weighed case by case.
Notification and prior consultation
The UN Watercourses Convention and many basin treaties require notice of planned measures that may have significant adverse effects, time to respond and consultation. Where procedures exist and are used, disputes tend to be argued on evidence rather than on surprise.
Benefit sharing beyond water
Agreements that share only volumes leave little to bargain with. Linking water to hydropower, flood control, navigation or trade lets riparians exchange benefits, so an upstream dam can become a shared asset rather than a grievance.
Fixed allocations meet a changing climate
Treaties that fix volumes assume a stable flow regime. When drought cuts the flow, a fixed share can become impossible to deliver; proportional shares, drought clauses and review provisions let an agreement adapt without full renegotiation.
底格里斯河与幼发拉底河流域的当前水情。
Flood water, night lights, rain and population density over the Tigris and Euphrates Basin, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.
交互式地图需要JavaScript；图层列表和来源见下文。
图层 4
本页面的当前水情
关于此图层
- 证据
- 观测（云层造成缺口）
- 来源
- VIIRS 全球洪水产品（NASA LANCE）
- 提供方
- NASA LANCE
- 许可协议
- NASA 开放数据
- 年份版本
- 每日；卫星探测；云层造成缺口
- 构建时的最新内容
- 2026-10-14
- 分辨率
- 约 250 米网格
- 不确定性
- 卫星探测；云层造成缺口。按提供方发布的原样提供的卫星或模型栅格数据。云层、扫描带缺口和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声；这些数值是指标，不是某一地点的测量值。
- 可通过以下方式到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许加载实时地图后访问
关于此图层
- 证据
- 观测
- 来源
- VIIRS 黑色大理石（VNP46A2）（NASA LAADS DAAC）
- 提供方
- NASA LAADS DAAC
- 许可协议
- NASA 开放数据
- 年份版本
- 每日；卫星辐亮度，已校正月光和大气影响
- 构建时的最新内容
- 2026-10-12
- 分辨率
- 约 500 米网格
- 不确定性
- 所示日期的卫星夜间辐亮度；灯光是用电和停电情况的代理指标，不是对供应或可及性的测量。
- 可通过以下方式到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许加载实时地图后访问
关于此图层
- 证据
- 估计值
- 来源
- GPM IMERG（NASA GES DISC）
- 提供方
- NASA GES DISC
- 许可协议
- NASA 开放数据
- 年份版本
- 每日；近实时卫星估算
- 构建时的最新内容
- 2026-10-12
- 分辨率
- 约 2 公里网格
- 不确定性
- 近实时卫星估算。卫星或模型栅格数据，按提供方发布的原样呈现。云层、条带缺口和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声；数值是指标，而非某地的测量值。
- 可通过以下方式到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许加载实时地图后访问
关于此图层
- 证据
- 估计值
- 来源
- 世界网格化人口 v4.11（NASA SEDAC（哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN））
- 提供方
- NASA SEDAC（CIESIN，哥伦比亚大学）
- 许可协议
- CC BY 4.0
- 年份版本
- null；基于人口普查的估算，静态（2020）
- 分辨率
- 约 1 公里网格
- 不确定性
- 基于普查的 2020 年每平方公里人口估算，作为风险暴露背景展示；不是受任何危害影响的人口数。
- 可通过以下方式到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许加载实时地图后访问
关于此图层
- 证据
- 模型化
- 来源
- SMAP Level 4 (NASA NSIDC DAAC)
- 提供方
- NASA NSIDC DAAC
- 许可协议
- NASA 开放数据
- 年份版本
- 每日；同化了卫星数据的模型
- 构建时的最新内容
- 2026-10-11
- 分辨率
- 约 2 公里网格
- 不确定性
- 同化了卫星数据的模型。按提供方发布形式呈现的卫星或模型栅格。云层、扫描带间隙和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声；数值为指示值，而非某一地点的实测值。
- 可通过以下方式到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许加载实时地图后访问
关于此图层
- 证据
- 观测（GIBS 发布的最新月份）
- 来源
- GRACE-FO JPL mascons (NASA JPL PO.DAAC)
- 提供方
- NASA JPL PO.DAAC
- 许可协议
- NASA 开放数据
- 年份版本
- 每月；卫星重力测量；GIBS 发布的最新月份
- 构建时的最新内容
- 2022-07-01
- 分辨率
- 约 2 公里网格
- 不确定性
- 卫星重力测量；GIBS 发布的最新月份。按提供方发布形式呈现的卫星或模型栅格。云层、扫描带间隙和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声；数值为指示值，而非某一地点的实测值。
- 可通过以下方式到达
- gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov，仅在您允许加载实时地图后访问
键盘操作，地图获得焦点时
按住 Ctrl 或 ⌘ 并滚动以缩放
最新可用
NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap贡献者 (ODbL) · Natural Earth
正在加载最新的NASA影像。
拖动以移动。按住 Ctrl 或 ⌘ 并滚动、双指缩放或使用按钮缩放；悬停可查看指针下的数值；重置可返回该区域。
当前水情，以底格里斯河与幼发拉底河流域为取景。NASA 发布的卫星和模型产品，各带自己的日期。它们是指标，而非对任何地点的评估。
数据：NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap 贡献者 · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · NASA GPM IMERG Early · 美国地质调查局来源与许可
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
- We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
- VIIRS 近实时产品（洪水、地表温度、积雪覆盖、校正反射率），NASA LANCE；影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘；显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均（经修改）。 NASA 开放数据
- VIIRS Black Marble 夜间灯光，NASA 戈达德航天中心；由 NASA Level-1 与大气档案和分发系统（LAADS DAAC）分发；影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘；显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均（经修改）。 NASA 开放数据
- GPM IMERG 降水，NASA 降水处理系统；由 NASA 戈达德地球科学数据和信息服务中心（GES DISC）分发；影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘；显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均（经修改）。 NASA 开放数据
- Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). 采用 CC BY 4.0 许可。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘；显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均（经修改）。 doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
- SMAP Level 4 土壤湿度和雪量，NASA 全球建模与同化办公室；由 NASA 国家冰雪数据中心 DAAC 分发；影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘；显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均（经修改）。 NASA 开放数据
- GRACE 和 GRACE-FO JPL 质量块解，NASA 喷气推进实验室；由 NASA 物理海洋学 DAAC（PO.DAAC）分发；影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘；显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均（经修改）。 NASA 开放数据
- ASTER GDEM 是 METI 和 NASA 的产品（ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003，NASA LP DAAC）；影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘；显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均（经修改）。引用格式：NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA 开放数据
- 使用 Natural Earth 制作。免费矢量和栅格地图数据，见 naturalearthdata.com。 公有领域
- © OpenStreetMap 贡献者（ODbL），经由 NASA GIBS（海岸线、边界、道路和地名）。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘；显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均（经修改）。 ODbL
- Blue Marble，NASA Earth Observatory；影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘；显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均（经修改）。 NASA 开放数据
- 地球仪和平面地图上的背景信息：海岸线、边界、道路和地名来自 NASA GIBS 参考图层（OpenStreetMap 数据，ODbL，© OpenStreetMap contributors）；Blue Marble 影像可作为可选底图；3D 地形和高程读数来自 ASTER GDEM 高程色彩指数（5 m 至 200 m 分级，为便于辨识而作了夸张处理）。边界按已发布的样式绘制，不代表对任何领土的立场。
- 实时事件：NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker（EONET）；事件仅供参考，并保留其原始来源链接。
- 实时：NASA EONET。事件仅供参考，不是主管机构的预警。
- Live: NASA GPM IMERG Early. We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- 实时：美国地质调查局。事件仅供参考，不是主管机构的预警。
- NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
- 河流流量预报，30天及区间（GloFAS，经Open-Meteo）：包含经修改的Copernicus Emergency Management Service 2026年信息；非洪水警报。
- 过去一年的每日气温（ERA5，经由 Open-Meteo）：包含经修改的 Copernicus 气候变化服务 2026 年信息。
- 过去一年的每日气温和日照（NASA POWER）：这些数据来自 NASA 兰利研究中心（LaRC）POWER 项目，该项目由 NASA 地球科学/应用科学计划资助。
- 天气数据来自 Open-Meteo.com (https://open-meteo.com/), 依据 CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 授权。
- 可选图层（图层列表中有 14 个来源：实时、预报、观测和背景）在开启时会在地图上和此处显示其提供方署名；预报是模型输出，派生指数是估计值。
图层与日期
- 洪水水体，3 日合成：VIIRS 全球洪水产品，NASA LANCE · 2026年10月14日
- 夜间灯光，每日：VIIRS Black Marble（VNP46A2），NASA LAADS DAAC · 2026年10月12日
- 降水率，日均值：GPM IMERG，NASA GES DISC · 2026年10月12日
- 人口密度，2020 年：人口：哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN，世界网格化人口 v4.11（2018），NASA SEDAC， CC BY 4.0 · 静态
- 根区土壤湿度，0 至 100 cm：SMAP Level 4，NASA NSIDC DAAC · 2026年10月11日
- 月度蓄水异常：GRACE-FO JPL 质量块解，NASA JPL PO.DAAC · 2022年7月
衡量什么，以及衡量得如何。
每个指标都注明其单位、频率、背后的来源类型以及数值将附带的证据标签。此处不显示数值：数值由计划依据其自身权限提供。
| 指标 | 单位 | 节奏 | 来源类型 | 标签 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water cooperation | percent of transboundary basin area (SDG indicator 6.5.2) | triennial reporting cycle | National reports to UNECE and UNESCO | 已发布统计 |
| Riparian states party to the global water conventions | count of riparian states | 持续 | UN Treaty Collection depositary records | 已发布统计 |
| Planned measures notified to co-riparians | notifications per year | 年度 | Basin organisation and ministry records | 已报告 |
| Data categories exchanged under the basin agreement | count of agreed data categories | 年度 | Joint body reports | 已报告 |
| Cooperative and conflictive water events | coded events by intensity | 年度 | Event coding of news and authority records | 估算 |
| Transboundary impact assessment procedures notified | count of procedures | 年度 | Espoo Convention points of contact | 已发布统计 |
| Cross-border electricity exchange | gigawatt hours per year | 年度 | Power pool and transmission operator records | 已报告 |
| Reservoir storage on shared rivers | cubic kilometres | 每月 | Operator reports, satellite altimetry and extent | 估算 |
谈判轨道服务台。
团队跟踪该主题时会使用的界面：其指标、状态与决策。名称为示例，数值仅作示意。
谈判轨道服务台
Shared water and energy systems · Shared basin dialogue · Round 7
跟踪
- 召集各方
- Fact-finding联合
- 备选方案共享
- 文本草案方括号
- 协议由各方决定
- 实施监测
条文草案、条款
| 第 3 条 | 数据交换 | 0 | 暂时同意（ad ref） |
| 第 5 条 | 枯水期分水 | 5 | 打开 |
| 第 7 条 | 工程通知 | 4 | 打开 |
| 第 9 条 | 争端预防 | 3 | 未讨论 |
主持人注
- 下一轮
- 第 5 周
- 格式
- 闭门，不具名
- 决定
- 仅限各方
- GRF 的角色
- 召集、记录
证据来自何处。
具名公共数据集与机构记录，各自注明许可类别。依协议获得的来源仅按其条款使用，绝不再次发布。
| 来源 | 它提供什么 | 许可类别 |
|---|---|---|
| Transboundary Freshwater Dispute Database (Oregon State University) | International basin register, treaty texts, river basin organisations and coded cooperative and conflictive events | Free for research and teaching, attribution |
| 联合国条约集 | Status of the UN Watercourses Convention and the UNECE Water Convention, with declarations | 公共记录，联合国使用条款 |
| UNECE Water Convention and SDG 6.5.2 national reports | Self-reported state of arrangements, joint bodies and data exchange by basin | 免费开放，须署名 |
| River basin organisation records | Agreements, notification procedures, meeting reports and shared data | Terms per organisation |
| Global Dam Watch and the GRanD database | Location and attributes of large dams and reservoirs on shared rivers | 免费，须署名 |
| ICJ and PCA case records | Pleadings, orders, judgments and awards in watercourse disputes | Public records; PCA records where the parties consent |
| IUCN BRIDGE programme records | Case reports and guidance on building river dialogue and governance | Free to read, IUCN terms |
耦合在何处将损害变为中断。
How spare capacity and dependencies between sectors decide whether local damage stays local, the levers resilience regulation and investment can pull. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows The Tigris and Euphrates Basin; the model itself is not tied to a place.
控制措施
- 每个图层的资产
- 18
- 危害足迹
- 占面积的 8%
- 依赖其他图层的资产
- 60%
- 备用容量（容差）
- 30%
读数
- 受危害冲击的资产
- 6%
- 仍在运行的资产
- 56%
- 初始损害的放大
- 8.0 times
- 结算步数
- 4
数字、方法与来源
| 步骤 | Water working (%) | 电力运行（%） | 电信运行（%） |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 94 | 89 | 100 |
| 1 | 83 | 61 | 100 |
| 2 | 67 | 50 | 89 |
| 3 | 56 | 44 | 78 |
| 4 | 56 | 44 | 67 |
方法
- 相互依存网络 Buldyrev 等（2010），Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks，Nature 464
- 过载级联 Motter and Lai (2002), Physical Review E 66
- 介数负载 Brandes (2001), Journal of Mathematical Sociology 25
- 多层网络 Kivela and others (2014), Journal of Complex Networks 2
- 基础设施相互依赖 Rinaldi, Peerenboom and Kelly (2001), IEEE Control Systems 21(6)
- 不确定性扇形图（参数蒙特卡罗） Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333
- 单因素敏感性（龙卷风图） Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley
数据
The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:
- 主要道路 Natural Earth
- 铁路 Natural Earth
- 海港 Natural Earth
- 机场 Natural Earth
- 城市范围 Natural Earth
- 今晚的夜间灯光、停电（VIIRS 昼夜波段） NASA/NOAA VIIRS（Suomi NPP）· 登记 nasa.gibs.context-live-layers
- 自然事件（NASA EONET） NASA EONET · 登记 nasa.eonet.events
贯穿六大支柱，由 Nexus Consortium 牵头
由谁决定，以及证据服务于什么。
Diplomacy Nexus 负责准备证据。以下决定由所列主管机构依据其自身规则作出，绝不由平台作出。
| 谁来决定 | 问题 | 本页面服务的证据 |
|---|---|---|
| Basin commissions and joint bodies | Whether a notified project needs further consultation, joint assessment or referral to the parties | The procedural record, independent flow and storage evidence, comparable clauses from other basins |
| Foreign and water ministries of riparian states | Whether to accede to a global water convention, or to negotiate or revise a basin agreement | Convention obligations, the depositary status of co-riparians, comparative treaty practice |
| Energy ministries and regional power pools | How to schedule hydropower and cross-border trade in a dry year without breaching flow commitments | Storage and inflow outlooks, the flow regime in the agreement, the trading rules of the pool |
| 开发性金融机构 | Whether a project on a shared river has met notification and consultation requirements before financing | The notification record, co-riparian responses, the lender’s policy on projects on international waterways |
该主题产生的产出
- Transboundary dialogue records for basin negotiations, with each party’s evidence kept distinct
- Comparative reviews of notification, data-exchange and dispute clauses across basin treaties
- Benefit-sharing options set out against the legal principles they must satisfy
- Drought, flood and review clauses compared across agreements
从授权到评估，按支柱划分。
一项工具从授权到评估所经历的步骤，每一步都标明由哪个支柱执行，以及哪些决定仍由主管当局作出。这是带有说明性取值的教学模型，不是预测。本页地图显示底格里斯河与幼发拉底河流域；模型本身并不绑定某个地点。
- 授权与问题界定 主管当局（计划之外）
主管当局依其自身规则界定问题和授权。 Howlett、Ramesh 和 Perl（2009） - 证据与系统模型 Foundry
对系统及其反馈、数据和已说明的局限进行建模。 OECD (2014)，原则 2 - 在情景下评估备选方案 Foundry
在情景下比较各项政策工具，并显示不确定性。 Hood (1983) - 与利益相关方演练 宇宙
在演练中与将实施和承担这些方案的各方一起检验方案。 OECD（2014），原则 3 - 起草标准或指南 Nexus Standards
行之有效的做法被编纂为标准或指南，并公开征求意见。 Nexus Standards 流程 - 由主管当局决定 主管当局（计划之外）
主管当局在计划之外，依据记录在案的证据作出决定。 Howlett、Ramesh 和 Perl（2009） - 能力与培训 Risk Academy
负责实施的人员接受关于所决定文书及其数据的培训。 仙台框架（2015），优先事项 2 - 监测与公开报告 报告
指标连同来源、局限和更正一并发布。 OECD（2014），原则 5 - 评估与修订 Nexus Standards
结果反馈至标准和模型：循环闭合。 Howlett、Ramesh 和 Perl（2009）
方法
- 政策周期 Howlett, Ramesh and Perl (2009), Studying Public Policy, Oxford University Press
- 关键风险治理 OECD（2014），Recommendation of the Council on the Governance of Critical Risks
- 有向图的分层绘制 Sugiyama, Tagawa and Toda (1981), IEEE SMC 11
贯穿六大支柱，由 Nexus Consortium 牵头
从业者与学者提出的问题。
- How is water shared between riparian states, especially in drought?
- How do upstream dams and diversions affect downstream flows, sediments and ecosystems?
- How do joint bodies share data and resolve differences?
- How do cross-border electricity trade and hydropower create shared benefits and dependencies?
- How does 气候变化 alter the basis of existing agreements?
Exercise a cascade in shared water and energy systems with the people who decide.
Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile 地缘政治与安全风险: the hazards it names, the 系统 and communities that carry the loss, the controls and institutions that dampen it and the data that observe it. Pick an initiating event and step through the cascade to see where mandates meet and which decisions fall to whom. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every weight is a stated assumption. An exercise for dialogue, not a forecast, an assessment or a position. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.
灾害
- Interstate war
- Mass displacement （在下游引发）
- Attacks on critical infrastructure （在下游引发）
- Explosive remnants and landmines (set off downstream)
- Conflict-related environmental damage (set off downstream)
- Trade restriction or embargo (set off downstream)
- Commodity price shock (set off downstream)
- Satellite-navigation disruption (set off downstream)
- Acute food crisis (set off downstream)
- Deliberate destruction of cultural heritage (set off downstream)
- Nuclear facility in an armed conflict (set off downstream)
- Chokepoint blockage (set off downstream)
- Post-disaster traumatic stress (set off downstream)
- Nuclear plant accident (set off downstream)
控制措施
NS-0章程与原则NS-3风险记录 UNI（语法、旧编码对照、分配机构）NS-9情境 UNI（部署、实例、计划实例）NS-11验证与监测（证据、证明、零信任符合性观测）NRS-P8安全、恐怖主义与地缘政治风险NRS-H60危害类别：供应链与流动中断（NHS-1 sys.supply-chain）NRS-H62危害类别：复合与多危害事件（NHS-1 sys.compound）NRS-H31危害类别：持久性和生物累积性物质（NHS-1 poll.persistent）NRS-H41危害族：动物向人类的溢出（NHS-1 health.zoonotic）NRS-H59危害类别：经济冲击与治理失灵（NHS-1 soc.economic）
观测
- Geopolitical Risk Index (Caldara and Iacoviello) (listed for reference)
- UCDP Georeferenced Event Dataset and Candidate Events (listed for reference)
- GDELT event database and global knowledge graph (listed for reference)
- Worldwide Governance Indicators (listed for reference)
- Conflict-related deaths per 100,000 population
示例地理范围
- The Horn of Africa: 253 hexagonal cells
- 今夜夜间灯光与停电（VIIRS 昼夜波段），NASA GIBS
- 地表土壤湿度（SMAP），NASA GIBS
How shared systems create interdependence.
In a shared river basin, each country’s use affects others. Upstream storage can regulate flows and provide hydropower, while altering the timing of water and the transport of sediments downstream. Downstream countries may depend on flows they do not control. International water law emphasises principles such as equitable and reasonable use and the obligation not to cause significant harm, but applying them in specific basins requires agreement and data.
Energy links deepen interdependence. Cross-border grids allow countries to share reserves and balance variable renewables; hydropower may be built in one country to supply another. These arrangements create mutual benefits and mutual exposure.
气候变化 shifts the baseline. Agreements based on historical flows may not hold as precipitation, snowmelt and evaporation change. Droughts and floods test cooperation most.
Why now: drought years and interconnected grids test agreements written for different conditions, as the Iberian 大停电 of April 2025 showed for power. Diplomacy Nexus convenes the authorities and operators that share a system, and reviewed findings can inform the Regional 系统 series of 报告.
Who a decision on shared water and energy systems reaches.
The sectors a policy on shared water and energy 系统 政策必须协调的部门：一个部委的选择会落到其他部委身上。
签名
Water and Energy
Water gives energy cooling water and hydropower (0.6): the strongest relations between the sectors this subject joins.
W · E · I · F · H · B
- 部门
- 4 共 6
- 关系
- 6 共 15
- 耦合
- 0.46 占总量份额
当前最强的关系
- 能源 → 基础设施 · 为交通和电信供电0.8
- 水 → 能源 · 冷却水与水电0.6
- 水 → 粮食 · 灌溉0.8
- 基础设施 → 水 · 管道、水坝和处理设施0.6
平台如何处理该主题。
- 01
Hydrological evidence
Shared understanding of flows, storage and variability, using hydrology and water science. Data sharing between states is often limited.
- 02
Benefit-sharing analysis
Examining how arrangements distribute benefits such as power, irrigation and flood control, using game theory.
- 03
制度比较
Comparing basin bodies and agreements across regions. Each basin’s history matters.
- 04
结构化对话
Convening technical and institutional participants on shared questions under agreed rules.
Dialogue can build shared understanding of data and options; allocation and agreements remain matters for riparian states and their joint bodies.
How shared water and energy systems is governed: instruments, mandates and commitments.
政策制定者、外交官或发展机构所使用的文书、授权、行为方和问责安排，并注明设定它们的协定。结构遵循所列框架。所绘制的任何状态或进展均为说明性，并非记录。
随时间变化的授权与协定
The agreements that set mandates and commitments on shared water and energy systems, from adoption to their current horizon.
- 1992《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《生物多样性公约》联合国
- 2015《仙台减少灾害风险框架》UNDRR
- 2015《2030 年可持续发展议程》和可持续发展目标联合国
- 2015《巴黎协定》UNFCCC
- 2022昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架CBD
- 2023《巴黎协定》下的首次全球盘点UNFCCC
- 2024《未来契约》和《全球数字契约》联合国
问题与解答。
What is equitable and reasonable utilisation?
Does the no significant harm rule prohibit upstream dams?
Are the two global water conventions the same?
Why include energy in water diplomacy?
Does Diplomacy Nexus mediate water disputes?
Does the platform take positions in water disputes?
Can basin bodies use the platform?
Why combine water and energy?
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