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GRF · Foresight Nexus

地缘政治未来

Geopolitical futures concern the shifting distribution of power, alliances, trade, conflict and political economy, and the strategic shocks that can reorder them quickly. They are shaped by deliberate choices of states and leaders as well as by structural forces, which makes them hard to forecast and essential to explore. This page sets out how institutions use scenarios, structured judgement and forecasting records to prepare for geopolitical change, and where those methods fall short.

02问题

Geopolitical futures: how the risk develops.

Political economy and strategic shocks. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.

机制

Structural forces and agency

Demography, technology, energy and economic weight move slowly and set the stage; leaders, elections and crises change direction quickly. Geopolitical foresight keeps both in view and does not mistake a trend for a destiny.

机制

Shocks travel through dependence

Wars, 制裁, coups and export bans propagate through trade, energy, finance and supply chains. Interdependence that once dampened conflict can become a channel for coercion.

机制

Judgement and its biases

Most geopolitical assessment rests on expert judgement. Overconfidence, mirror-imaging and anchoring on the recent past are documented failures; structured analytic techniques and scored forecasts make judgement auditable.

机制

Reflexivity

Published forecasts and scenarios can change the behaviour they describe. A warning may prompt prevention; an expectation of conflict may harden positions. Institutions treat disclosure of foresight as a governance choice.

03地理

北极地区的危害与风险暴露。

来自 NASA GIBS 的北极地区人口密度、洪水与活跃火点。每个图层都注明其日期。

交互式地图需要JavaScript;图层列表和来源见下文。

图层 3

本页面的危害与暴露

关于此图层
证据
估计值
来源
世界网格化人口 v4.11(NASA SEDAC(哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN))
提供方
NASA SEDAC(CIESIN,哥伦比亚大学)
许可协议
CC BY 4.0
年份版本
null;基于人口普查的估算,静态(2020)
分辨率
约 1 公里网格
不确定性
基于普查的 2020 年每平方公里人口估算,作为风险暴露背景展示;不是受任何危害影响的人口数。
可通过以下方式到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许加载实时地图后访问
关于此图层
证据
观测(云层造成缺口)
来源
VIIRS 全球洪水产品(NASA LANCE)
提供方
NASA LANCE
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日;卫星探测;云层造成缺口
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-14
分辨率
约 250 米网格
不确定性
卫星探测;云层造成缺口。按提供方发布的原样提供的卫星或模型栅格数据。云层、扫描带缺口和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声;这些数值是指标,不是某一地点的测量值。
可通过以下方式到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许加载实时地图后访问
关于此图层
证据
观测(云层和过境时间造成缺口)
来源
VIIRS NOAA-20 375 米(FIRMS)(NASA LANCE FIRMS)
提供方
NASA LANCE FIRMS
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日;卫星探测;云层和过境时间造成缺口
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-13
分辨率
约 500 米网格
不确定性
所示日期的卫星热点探测结果,包括天然气火炬和工业热源;不是已确认的火情、事件报告或预警。
可通过以下方式到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许加载实时地图后访问
关于此图层
证据
观测
来源
VIIRS 黑色大理石(VNP46A2)(NASA LAADS DAAC)
提供方
NASA LAADS DAAC
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日;卫星辐亮度,已校正月光和大气影响
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-12
分辨率
约 500 米网格
不确定性
所示日期的卫星夜间辐亮度;灯光是用电和停电情况的代理指标,不是对供应或可及性的测量。
可通过以下方式到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许加载实时地图后访问
关于此图层
证据
观测(持续云层仍会造成缺口)
来源
VIIRS NOAA-20 3 级产品,8 日(NASA LANCE)
提供方
NASA LANCE
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
8 日;卫星 8 日合成;持续云层仍会造成缺口
构建时的最新内容
2026-09-14
分辨率
约 1 公里网格
不确定性
截至所示日期的 8 天内地表的卫星表面温度,是一项热风险暴露指标;不是气温、热指数或高温预警。
可通过以下方式到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许加载实时地图后访问
关于此图层
证据
估计值
来源
GPM IMERG(NASA GES DISC)
提供方
NASA GES DISC
许可协议
NASA 开放数据
年份版本
每日;近实时卫星估算
构建时的最新内容
2026-10-12
分辨率
约 2 公里网格
不确定性
近实时卫星估算。卫星或模型栅格数据,按提供方发布的原样呈现。云层、条带缺口和反演误差会造成缺口和噪声;数值是指标,而非某地的测量值。
可通过以下方式到达
gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov,仅在您允许加载实时地图后访问

最新可用

NASA GIBS / EOSDIS · ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) · Blue Marble (NASA) · © OpenStreetMap贡献者 (ODbL) · Natural Earth

正在加载最新的NASA影像。

拖动以移动。按住 Ctrl 或 ⌘ 并滚动、双指缩放或使用按钮缩放;悬停可查看指针下的数值;重置可返回该区域。

北极地区的危害与风险暴露。NASA 发布的卫星和模型产品,各带自己的日期。它们是指标,而非对任何地点的评估。

数据:NASA GIBS · ASTER GDEM · Blue Marble · © OpenStreetMap 贡献者 · Natural Earth · NASA EONET · 美国地质调查局 · NASA GPM IMERG Early来源与许可

  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
  • We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). NASA 开放数据
  • Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). 采用 CC BY 4.0 许可。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 doi:10.7927/H49C6VHW. CC BY 4.0
  • VIIRS 近实时产品(洪水、地表温度、积雪覆盖、校正反射率),NASA LANCE;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • NASA 资源管理火灾信息系统(FIRMS),VIIRS 375 m 活跃火点产品,NASA LANCE;矢量瓦片来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • VIIRS Black Marble 夜间灯光,NASA 戈达德航天中心;由 NASA Level-1 与大气档案和分发系统(LAADS DAAC)分发;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • GPM IMERG 降水,NASA 降水处理系统;由 NASA 戈达德地球科学数据和信息服务中心(GES DISC)分发;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • ASTER GDEM 是 METI 和 NASA 的产品(ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003,NASA LP DAAC);影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。引用格式:NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. doi:10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003. NASA 开放数据
  • 使用 Natural Earth 制作。免费矢量和栅格地图数据,见 naturalearthdata.com。 公有领域
  • © OpenStreetMap 贡献者(ODbL),经由 NASA GIBS(海岸线、边界、道路和地名)。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 ODbL
  • Blue Marble,NASA Earth Observatory;影像来自 NASA GIBS。颜色依据已发布的色标重绘;显示处的数值已按六边形网格平均(经修改)。 NASA 开放数据
  • 地球仪和平面地图上的背景信息:海岸线、边界、道路和地名来自 NASA GIBS 参考图层(OpenStreetMap 数据,ODbL,© OpenStreetMap contributors);Blue Marble 影像可作为可选底图;3D 地形和高程读数来自 ASTER GDEM 高程色彩指数(5 m 至 200 m 分级,为便于辨识而作了夸张处理)。边界按已发布的样式绘制,不代表对任何领土的立场。
  • 实时事件:NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker(EONET);事件仅供参考,并保留其原始来源链接。
  • 实时:NASA EONET。事件仅供参考,不是主管机构的预警。
  • 实时:美国地质调查局。事件仅供参考,不是主管机构的预警。
  • Live: NASA GPM IMERG Early. We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA’s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).
  • 河流流量预报,30天及区间(GloFAS,经Open-Meteo):包含经修改的Copernicus Emergency Management Service 2026年信息;非洪水警报。
  • 天气数据来自 Open-Meteo.com (https://open-meteo.com/), 依据 CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 授权。
  • 可选图层(图层列表中有 11 个来源:实时、预报、观测和背景)开启时会在地图上和此处显示其提供方署名;预报是模型输出,派生指数是估计值。

图层与日期

  • 人口密度,2020 年:人口:哥伦比亚大学 CIESIN,世界网格化人口 v4.11(2018),NASA SEDAC, CC BY 4.0 · 静态
  • 洪水水体,3 日合成:VIIRS 全球洪水产品,NASA LANCE · 2026年10月14日
  • 活跃火点与热异常:VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m(FIRMS),NASA LANCE FIRMS · 2026年10月13日
  • 夜间灯光,每日:VIIRS Black Marble(VNP46A2),NASA LAADS DAAC · 2026年10月12日
  • 地表温度,日间,8 天合成:VIIRS NOAA-20 3 级产品,8 天,NASA LANCE · 2026年9月14日
  • 降水率,日均值:GPM IMERG,NASA GES DISC · 2026年10月12日

04指标

衡量什么,以及衡量得如何。

每个指标都注明其单位、频率、背后的来源类型以及数值将附带的证据标签。此处不显示数值:数值由计划依据其自身权限提供。

指标单位节奏来源类型标签
Organised violence eventscount of events每月Event datasets from news and field reports观测
Geopolitical risk index指数每月Newspaper text analysis估算
Trade-restrictive measures introduced措施数量每月Policy intervention monitoring已报告
Military expenditureshare of GDP年度Government budgets, compiled estimates估算
Sanctions designationscount of listed entities每月Authority sanctions lists已发布统计
Economic policy uncertainty index指数每月Newspaper text analysis估算
Accuracy of resolved geopolitical forecastsBrier 评分per tournamentForecasting tournament records已报告
Democracy and rule-of-law indices指数年度Expert-coded surveys估算
05监测

前景扫描看板。

团队跟踪该主题时会使用的界面:其指标、状态与决策。名称为示例,数值仅作示意。

地平线扫描看板

Geopolitical futures · Horizon 2040 · Round 4

意义建构GRF · Foresight Nexus

信号

保险公司退出高风险邮政编码区金融中高防护性后撤
非正规住区中的廉价传感器技术高中公民数据
高温限制户外工作时长劳工中高高温经济
选举中的合成媒体信息低高信任侵蚀

驱动因素排序

影响与不确定性

情景轴

轴 1
合作 · 碎片化
轴 2
慢 · 快的技术变革
情景
四种叙事,不是预测
使用
用风洞检验每项政策
Horizon scanning board: the screen’s structure, terms and states for Geopolitical futures.示例名称和示意数值;是设计方案,并非记录或实时系统。
06来源

证据来自何处。

具名公共数据集与机构记录,各自注明许可类别。依协议获得的来源仅按其条款使用,绝不再次发布。

来源它提供什么许可类别
Uppsala Conflict Data ProgramGeoreferenced organised violence events and conflict-year dataCC BY 4.0
ACLEDPolitical violence and protest events with actors and locationsACLED terms of use, registration and attribution
SIPRI Military Expenditure and Arms Transfers databasesMilitary spending by country and international transfers of major armsFree with attribution, SIPRI terms
Global Trade AlertState interventions affecting trade, investment and migration免费,须署名
Geopolitical Risk Index (Caldara and Iacoviello)Monthly text-based measure of adverse geopolitical events and threatsFree with citation
V-Dem 数据集Expert-coded indicators of democracy and governance across countriesCC BY-SA 4.0
Good Judgment Project tournament dataRecords of forecasts and resolutions from the IARPA geopolitical forecasting tournamentOpen research data, citation required
07政策情景

比较文书:规则、激励和信息。

三类文书与基线并列比较,各有其滞后和采纳速度,在你设定的覆盖率和遵守率下运行;效应量是教学数值,应以证据替换。情景:关于未来的明示假设,不是预测。本页地图显示的是北极;模型本身不限于某一地点。

控制措施

结果的基线趋势
每年 2.0%
该工具的覆盖范围
70%
合规
75%
效应量,相对于教学取值
100%
未来年数
20 年

读数

期末时点降幅最大
监管
相对基线的降幅
21%
数字、方法与来源
年份基线监管经济激励信息与能力
0100.099.598.899.1
1102.0101.2100.199.8
2104.0102.5101.199.9
3106.1103.5101.6100.0
4108.2103.7101.8100.7
5110.4103.2101.7102.1
6112.6102.0101.6103.9
7114.9100.4101.6105.9
8117.299.2102.1108.0
9119.598.6102.9110.1
10121.998.9104.2112.3
11124.399.7105.7114.5
12126.8101.1107.4116.8
13129.4102.7109.4119.2
14131.9104.5111.4121.6
15134.6106.5113.5124.0
16137.3108.5115.7126.5
17140.0110.7118.0129.0
18142.8112.9120.4131.6
19145.7115.1122.8134.2
20148.6117.4125.2136.9

方法

  1. 政府工具 Hood (1983), The Tools of Government, Macmillan
  2. 胡萝卜、大棒与说教 Bemelmans-Videc, Rist and Vedung (1998), Transaction
  3. 创新扩散 Rogers (2003), Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press
  4. 不确定性扇形图(参数蒙特卡罗) Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333
  5. 单因素敏感性(龙卷风图) Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley

数据

The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page’s map can draw:

  • 边界 Natural Earth
  • 城市 Natural Earth
比较政策工具:规则、激励和信息。示意性教学模型:依据控件设定的数值运行,而非实测数据。方法:政府工具(Hood (1983), The Tools of Government, Macmillan);胡萝卜、大棒与说教(Bemelmans-Videc, Rist and Vedung (1998), Transaction);创新扩散(Rogers (2003), Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press)。
08决定

由谁决定,以及证据服务于什么。

Foresight Nexus 负责准备证据。以下决定由所列主管机构依据其自身规则作出,绝不由平台作出。

谁来决定问题本页面服务的证据
Ministries of foreign affairs and defenceWhich alliances, capabilities and contingency plans hold across alternative security environmentsScenario sets, signposts and scored forecasts with their track records stated
Central banks and finance ministriesHow fragmentation scenarios bear on financial stability, reserves and fiscal planningShock transmission channels, scenario narratives and the macro-financial variables each moves
Trade and economic security ministriesWhich dependencies to diversify or secure, and at what costDependence maps, restriction trends and scenarios of coercion and disruption
National security councilsWhich strategic shocks warrant standing contingency planningShock scenarios with plausibility reasoning and the institutional responses they would require

该主题产生的产出

  • Geopolitical scenario sets with the drivers that separate them
  • Signal reviews on strategic shocks and their transmission channels
  • Reviews of forecasting track records by question type and horizon
  • Dependence maps for trade, energy and supply chains under stress
09实施

从授权到评估,按支柱划分。

一项文书从授权到评估所经历的步骤,每一步都标明负责运行的支柱,以及仍由当局作出的决定。这是带有明示说明性数值的教学模型,不是预测。本页地图显示的是北极;模型本身不限于某一地点。

  1. 授权与问题界定 主管当局(计划之外)
    主管当局依其自身规则界定问题和授权。 Howlett、Ramesh 和 Perl(2009)
  2. 证据与系统模型 Foundry
    对系统及其反馈、数据和已说明的局限进行建模。 OECD (2014),原则 2
  3. 在情景下评估备选方案 Foundry
    在情景下比较各项政策工具,并显示不确定性。 Hood (1983)
  4. 与利益相关方演练 宇宙
    在演练中与将实施和承担这些方案的各方一起检验方案。 OECD(2014),原则 3
  5. 起草标准或指南 Nexus Standards
    行之有效的做法被编纂为标准或指南,并公开征求意见。 Nexus Standards 流程
  6. 由主管当局决定 主管当局(计划之外)
    主管当局在计划之外,依据记录在案的证据作出决定。 Howlett、Ramesh 和 Perl(2009)
  7. 能力与培训 Risk Academy
    负责实施的人员接受关于所决定文书及其数据的培训。 仙台框架(2015),优先事项 2
  8. 监测与公开报告 报告
    指标连同来源、局限和更正一并发布。 OECD(2014),原则 5
  9. 评估与修订 Nexus Standards
    结果反馈至标准和模型:循环闭合。 Howlett、Ramesh 和 Perl(2009)

方法

  1. 政策周期 Howlett, Ramesh and Perl (2009), Studying Public Policy, Oxford University Press
  2. 关键风险治理 OECD(2014),Recommendation of the Council on the Governance of Critical Risks
  3. 有向图的分层绘制 Sugiyama, Tagawa and Toda (1981), IEEE SMC 11
从授权到评估,按支柱划分:所记录的各个步骤及其所属支柱;来源按各步骤所引。
10核心问题

从业者提出的问题。

  • How could the balance of economic and political power shift over the coming decades?
  • Which strategic shocks would most disrupt trade, finance and cooperation?
  • How resilient are international institutions to fragmentation?
  • How do resource competition, technology and 气候变化 interact with geopolitics?
  • How should institutions prepare for futures they consider undesirable?
11孪生与级联模拟器

Exercise a cascade in geopolitical futures with the people who decide.

Assembled from the Nexus Standards area profile 子孙后代与长期风险: the hazards it names, the 系统 and communities that carry the loss, the controls and institutions that dampen it and the data that observe it. Pick an initiating event and step through the cascade to see where mandates meet and which decisions fall to whom. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every weight is a stated assumption. An exercise for dialogue, not a forecast, an assessment or a position. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full System Builder.

灾害

  • Nuclear war
  • 溃坝
  • 金融传染
  • Cryptographically relevant quantum computer
  • 河流洪水(在下游引发)
  • Flash flood (set off downstream)
  • 大规模流离失所(在下游引发)
  • Nuclear detonation (set off downstream)
  • Health-system overload (set off downstream)
  • Data breach (set off downstream)
  • Mass account takeover (set off downstream)
  • Harvest-now, decrypt-later collection (set off downstream)
  • 大范围停电(在下游引发)
  • 供水短缺(在下游引发)
  • Sovereign debt crisis (set off downstream)
  • Currency crisis (set off downstream)
  • Nuclear winter (set off downstream)
  • High-altitude electromagnetic pulse (set off downstream)

控制措施

  • NS-0 章程与原则
  • NS-9 情境 UNI(部署、实例、计划实例)
  • NS-10 政策和条款(机器可读的义务:定义、约束、评估和执行)
  • NS-11 验证与监测(证据、证明、零信任符合性观测)
  • NS-13 标准制定流程(公开提案、审查、版本管理、采纳)
  • NRS-U12 宇宙 platform profile: Foresight Nexus
  • NRS-H26 危害类别:土地与湿地退化(NHS-1 eco.land)
  • NRS-H92 危害类别:老化与退化的基础设施(NHS-1 infra.ageing)
  • NRS-P4 前瞻、地平线扫描与战略
  • NRS-H11 危害类别:沿海与海平面危害(NHS-1 water.coastal)
  • NRS-H31 危害类别:持久性和生物累积性物质(NHS-1 poll.persistent)

观测

  • Our World in Data datasets (listed for reference)
  • CMIP6 气候预估(Copernicus Climate Data Store)(仅列作参考)
  • World Bank Open Data 和 World Development Indicators API(仅列作参考)
  • Number of countries with mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence of sustainable development

示例地理范围

  • 孟加拉国:134 个六边形单元
  • 今夜夜间灯光与停电(VIIRS 昼夜波段),NASA GIBS
  • 穿透云层的地表水,30 m(OPERA DSWx-S1 雷达),NASA GIBS
  • 过去半小时降雨率(IMERG),NASA GIBS
  • 地表土壤湿度(SMAP),NASA GIBS
12机制

驱动因素与动态。

Geopolitical change combines slow structural shifts, such as demographic and economic weight, with sudden shocks, such as conflicts, 制裁, coups and financial crises. Interdependence through trade, finance, energy and technology has increased the ways shocks travel, while also creating incentives for cooperation. Strategic competition over technology, resources and supply chains has led many states to reconsider dependence on others.

Foresight in this field is sensitive. Scenarios about conflict or political change can be misread as predictions or positions. Good practice frames scenarios clearly, includes diverse perspectives from different regions, and focuses on implications for preparedness rather than on predicting events. Chatham House-style confidentiality rules can help participants speak openly, while published records state only what participants agree to release.

Why now: trade, security and technology rivalries have made geopolitical shocks a planning variable for public and private institutions. Foresight Nexus builds plausible scenarios without taking political positions, and uses them to test how arrangements hold under stress.

13工具与承诺

How geopolitical futures is governed: instruments, mandates and commitments.

政策制定者、外交官或发展机构所使用的文书、授权、行为方和问责安排,并注明设定它们的协定。结构遵循所列框架。所绘制的任何状态或进展均为说明性,并非记录。

政策工具矩阵

The kinds of instrument available on geopolitical futures, by level of government and cooperation.

工具类型地方国家区域全球
监管型分区、建筑规范法律、标准、许可统一规则公约与条约
经济地方税费、拨款预算项目、税收、保险计划风险池,区域基金融资机制
信息地方预警披露、预警、统计数据共享安排全球监测与报告
制度型地方委员会牵头机构,协调理事会区域机构与秘书处多边授权
合作型社区协议伙伴关系契约谅解备忘录与联合计划协定与共同承诺
A typology after the OECD Recommendation on the Governance of Critical Risks; examples of instrument types, not an inventory of any country’s measures.
《仙台框架》(减少灾害风险) · 联合国减少灾害风险办公室《巴黎协定》 · 《联合国气候变化框架公约》《2030 年可持续发展议程》和可持续发展目标 · 联合国《国际卫生条例》 · 世卫组织
14方法与局限

如何开展。

  1. 01

    Structural analysis

    Long-term trends in demography, economic weight, resources and technology.

  2. 02

    Scenario development

    Contrasting futures for international order and cooperation, using 情景设计与压力测试.

  3. 03

    Shock analysis

    Exploring how specific shocks could propagate through trade, finance and security, using complex systems and agent-based modelling.

  4. 04

    局限

    Political events depend on decisions by individuals and groups that are inherently hard to anticipate, and analysts’ own perspectives shape what futures they consider plausible.

15方法

如何研究,以及方法无法说明的内容。

  1. 情景设计与压力测试探索性情景开发 · 政策风洞测试在此应用
  2. 预测与时间序列分析汇总判断性预测 · 概率性人口预测在此应用
  3. 不确定性下的决策分析稳健决策 · 动态适应性政策路径 · 结构化专家判断征询在此应用
  4. 复杂系统与基于主体的建模驱动因素的系统梳理 · 基于主体的社会变迁探索在此应用
16问题

问题与解答。

Are geopolitical forecasts useful if they are often wrong?
Scored forecasts show which questions and horizons judgement handles well and where it does not. Their value is calibration and clarity about uncertainty, used alongside scenarios for the questions that cannot be scored.
What did forecasting tournaments test?
Research tournaments compared trained, teamed and aggregated forecasters with unstructured judgement on short-horizon questions with clear resolution. They show how calibration can be measured and improved; they say less about long horizons, where questions rarely resolve cleanly.
Does Foresight Nexus take positions on conflicts?
No. It sets out methods, sources and the institutions that hold decisions. Positions on foreign and security policy belong to governments and their accountable bodies.
Does Foresight Nexus predict conflicts?
No. It explores plausible futures to support preparedness, and scenarios are never predictions or positions.
Why include diverse regional perspectives?
Because what seems plausible depends on where one stands. Diverse views reduce blind spots.
Does GRF take positions on international disputes?
No. GRF convenes dialogue. It does not represent any state or take positions on disputes.
由谁审查该主题的覆盖范围?
已发布的分析旨在由一位具名的主题审查人审查,引用其参考文献,并纳入独立专家的声音。当专家意见不一致时,如实报告分歧,而不是通过省略来消解分歧。
报告贡献

从本页贡献证据。

报告 is the Consortium’s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.

全球风险论坛(Global Risks Forum)Foresight Nexus前瞻展望情景与压力测试
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