{"id":15,"date":"2026-11-01T16:23:55","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T16:23:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/?page_id=15"},"modified":"2026-11-01T16:23:55","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T16:23:55","slug":"home","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/","title":{"rendered":"Policy Nexus"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Nexus network page \u00b7 https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/ \u00b7 source authored \u00b7 generated by integrations\/wordpress\/network\/build.mjs, never edit this file --><script>window.nexusLiveStrings={\"label\":\"Load the live map\",\"note\":\"Imagery and feeds come from other services (NASA, USGS, OpenStreetMap) and load only when you ask.\"};<\/script><script>(function(){\"use strict\";var n=window,l=document,y=\"nexus.live-map\",$=\"nexus.live-map.reload\";if(n.NXLive){return}var 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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n130i5xa.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"grf\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 Policy Nexus<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Policy Nexus<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Policy analysis, institutional capacity and cross-border learning focused on consequential shared risks. Policy Nexus is an established platform of The Global Risks Forum.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/about\/\">Open Mandate, publisher and status <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/about\/\">About GRF<\/a><\/div><\/div><dl class=\"nx-scene-stats nx-es-stats\"><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">STEM methods<\/dt><dd>4<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Canonical methods this field applies<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topics<\/dt><dd>9<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Subject pages in the field<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Counterparts<\/dt><dd>7<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Platforms in shared fields across the network<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Report series<\/dt><dd>2<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Reports series it contributes to<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"project\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contents<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Policy Nexus in seven parts.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"editorial\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\" data-variant=\"contents\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>In this dossier<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">7 parts<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-the-problem\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">The problem<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Shared risks outrun the institutions built to manage them<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-frameworks\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Frameworks<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">What the work is read against<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-overview\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Overview<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">What Policy Nexus does<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-what-the-platform-does\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">What the platform does<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Comparison, options and dialogue<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-foundations-and-counterparts\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Foundations and counterparts<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Steward of policy science, connected across three institutions<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-areas\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Coverage<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">The areas of policy this platform takes on<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-grounding\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Grounding<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Built on named science, technology, engineering and mathematics<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"risk\" aria-label=\"The problem, Monitor, Topics, Policy scenarios\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"The problem, Monitor, Topics, Policy scenarios\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-the-problem\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">The problem<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-3-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Monitor<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-4-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Topics<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-instrument\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Policy scenarios<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-the-problem\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"risk\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The problem<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Shared risks outrun the institutions built to manage them.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Many of the risks that matter most today do not respect the boundaries of ministries, mandates or states. A drought becomes a food, energy, health and migration problem. A new technology raises questions for competition, security, labour and rights at once. A pandemic tests health <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, public finances, supply chains and public trust together. Policy, by contrast, is usually made in separate portfolios, on separate timetables, with separate evidence and accountability.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Policy science has a well-established account of why this is hard. Benefits of prevention are uncertain and delayed while costs are immediate; responsibilities are fragmented so that no single body owns a cross-cutting risk; information is unevenly distributed; and the actors who must cooperate often have different incentives. Coordination failures are therefore common even when everyone agrees a risk is serious. Implementation adds further gaps, as policies designed centrally meet local capacity limits and unforeseen behaviour.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">When policy fails on a shared risk, the consequences cascade across sectors and borders. Unmanaged exposure in one place becomes a cost in another; a regulatory gap in one jurisdiction becomes a channel for risk into others. The field exists to help institutions see these connections, compare how others have responded and learn what works in practice.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Why now: much of 2026&#8217;s policy agenda is implementation, from national plans under the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a> and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework to the amended <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/international-health-regulations-alignment\/\">International Health Regulations<\/a> in force since September 2025. Policy Nexus compares how jurisdictions assign and carry these duties, convenes the institutions concerned, and records options and dissent; reviewed comparisons can inform country and regional editions of <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-3-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Monitor<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Policy tracker.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The screen a team would use to follow this field: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-policy-tracker\" data-cx=\"policy.tracker\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Policy tracker: illustrative console with example names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Policy tracker<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Member state A \u00b7 Session 3<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure&#8217;s values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>4 items for council<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GRF \u00b7 Policy Nexus<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"kanban\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Policy cycle<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-kb\" data-n=\"6\"><div class=\"nx-cx-kc\"><div class=\"nx-cx-kh\"><span>Agenda<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-ref\">01<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-card\"><span class=\"nx-cx-ct\">Heat-health action duty<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-cm\">Problem framing<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-kc\"><div class=\"nx-cx-kh\"><span>Formulation<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-ref\">02<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-card\" data-s=\"live\"><span class=\"nx-cx-ct\">Risk-informed planning law<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-cm\"><span class=\"nx-cx-n\">3<\/span> options appraised<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-card\"><span class=\"nx-cx-ct\">Drought allocation rules<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-cm\">Options drafting<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-kc\"><div class=\"nx-cx-kh\"><span>Consultation<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-ref\">01<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-card\" data-s=\"watch\"><span class=\"nx-cx-ct\">DRR strategy refresh<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-cm\"><span class=\"nx-cx-n\">334<\/span> responses<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-kc\"><div class=\"nx-cx-kh\"><span>Adoption<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-ref\">01<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-card\"><span class=\"nx-cx-ct\">Building code update<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-cm\">Committee vote due<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-kc\"><div class=\"nx-cx-kh\"><span>Implementation<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-ref\">01<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-card\" data-s=\"ok\"><span class=\"nx-cx-ct\">Early warning mandate<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-cm\">Milestone <span class=\"nx-cx-n\">3<\/span> of 6<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-kc\"><div class=\"nx-cx-kh\"><span>Evaluation<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-ref\">01<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-card\"><span class=\"nx-cx-ct\">Flood insurance scheme<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-cm\">Evaluation year <span class=\"nx-cx-n\">2<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"4\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Options appraisal, planning law<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-policy-tracker-t1\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-policy-tracker-t1\" aria-label=\"Options appraisal, planning law\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Option<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Effectiveness<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Cost class<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Equity<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c4\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c4\">Feasibility<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-policy-tracker:r1-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>A \u00b7 guidance only<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"39\">39<\/td><td>Low<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Mixed<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>High<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-policy-tracker:r1-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\" aria-current=\"true\" data-cur=\"true\"><td>B \u00b7 duty with standards<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"61\">61<\/td><td>Medium<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Positive<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-policy-tracker:r1-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>C \u00b7 duty, standards, funding<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"76\">76<\/td><td>High<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Positive<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"not\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Low<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"2\" data-t=\"kv\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Decision record<\/h4><\/div><\/div><dl class=\"nx-fk-dl\"><div><dt>Owner<\/dt><dd>Policy owner<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Decision by<\/dt><dd>Legislative committee<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>synthesis SY-73<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>GRF role<\/dt><dd>convenes, does not decide<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Policy tracker: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for Member state A.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-4-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"risk\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topics<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The questions this field works on.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cards\" data-cols=\"3\"><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/topics\/risk-informed-policy\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Risk-informed policy<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Risk across government decisions.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/topics\/disaster-risk-reduction-policy\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Disaster risk reduction policy<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Prevention and national strategies.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/topics\/climate-and-adaptation-policy\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Climate and adaptation policy<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Climate, nature and public planning.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/topics\/technology-policy\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Technology policy<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">AI, biotechnology and innovation.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/topics\/health-and-social-policy\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Health and social policy<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Resilience and wellbeing.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/topics\/development-policy\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Development policy<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Equity and economic transformation.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/topics\/cross-border-policy\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Cross-border policy<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Cooperation on basins, grids and corridors.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/topics\/policy-implementation-learning\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Policy implementation learning<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">From policy designs to monitored outcomes.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/topics\/inclusive-development-governance\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Inclusive development governance<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Institutions, social inclusion and development policy.<\/p><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"project\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Policy scenarios<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Compare instruments: rules, incentives and information.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Three families of instruments side by side against the baseline, each with its own lag and adoption speed, under the coverage and compliance you set; effect sizes are teaching values to replace with evidence. Scenario: named assumptions about the future, not a forecast. The map on this page shows Africa; the model itself is not tied to a place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-policy-0\" data-nxi=\"policy\" data-nxi-id=\"policy\" data-nxi-z=\"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\" aria-label=\"Compare instruments: rules, incentives and information\"><div class=\"nx-in-body\"><div class=\"nx-in-main\"><div class=\"nx-in-tabs\" data-nxi-tabs=\"true\" aria-label=\"Views of the model\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"result\">Result<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"fan\">Uncertainty<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"tornado\">Sensitivity<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"loops\">Loops<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-stage\" id=\"nx-in-policy-0-stage\" data-nxi-stage=\"true\" data-view=\"result\"><svg class=\"nx-in-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Outcome by option\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-in-tip\" data-nxi-tip=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><div class=\"nx-in-bar\" data-nxi-bar=\"true\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Play over time\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-prev=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step back\">&#8249;<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-play=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Play<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-next=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step forward\">&#8250;<\/button><span class=\"nx-in-step\" data-nxi-step=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-side\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><div class=\"nx-in-ctl\" data-nxi-ctl=\"true\"><dl class=\"nx-in-pv\"><div><dt>Baseline trend of the outcome<\/dt><dd>2.0% a year<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coverage of the instrument<\/dt><dd>70%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Compliance<\/dt><dd>75%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Effect size, against the teaching value<\/dt><dd>100%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Years ahead<\/dt><dd>20 years<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readouts<\/p><dl class=\"nx-in-out\" data-nxi-out=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div><dt>Largest reduction at the horizon<\/dt><dd>Regulation<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Its reduction against the baseline<\/dt><dd>21%<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><details class=\"nx-in-more\"><summary>Numbers, methods and sources<\/summary><div class=\"nx-in-more-in\"><div class=\"nx-in-tblw\" data-nxi-table=\"true\"><table class=\"nx-in-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Regulation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Economic incentive<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Information and capacity<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">0<\/th><td>100.0<\/td><td>99.5<\/td><td>98.8<\/td><td>99.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">1<\/th><td>102.0<\/td><td>101.2<\/td><td>100.1<\/td><td>99.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2<\/th><td>104.0<\/td><td>102.5<\/td><td>101.1<\/td><td>99.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">3<\/th><td>106.1<\/td><td>103.5<\/td><td>101.6<\/td><td>100.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">4<\/th><td>108.2<\/td><td>103.7<\/td><td>101.8<\/td><td>100.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">5<\/th><td>110.4<\/td><td>103.2<\/td><td>101.7<\/td><td>102.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">6<\/th><td>112.6<\/td><td>102.0<\/td><td>101.6<\/td><td>103.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">7<\/th><td>114.9<\/td><td>100.4<\/td><td>101.6<\/td><td>105.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">8<\/th><td>117.2<\/td><td>99.2<\/td><td>102.1<\/td><td>108.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">9<\/th><td>119.5<\/td><td>98.6<\/td><td>102.9<\/td><td>110.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">10<\/th><td>121.9<\/td><td>98.9<\/td><td>104.2<\/td><td>112.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">11<\/th><td>124.3<\/td><td>99.7<\/td><td>105.7<\/td><td>114.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">12<\/th><td>126.8<\/td><td>101.1<\/td><td>107.4<\/td><td>116.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">13<\/th><td>129.4<\/td><td>102.7<\/td><td>109.4<\/td><td>119.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">14<\/th><td>131.9<\/td><td>104.5<\/td><td>111.4<\/td><td>121.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">15<\/th><td>134.6<\/td><td>106.5<\/td><td>113.5<\/td><td>124.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">16<\/th><td>137.3<\/td><td>108.5<\/td><td>115.7<\/td><td>126.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">17<\/th><td>140.0<\/td><td>110.7<\/td><td>118.0<\/td><td>129.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">18<\/th><td>142.8<\/td><td>112.9<\/td><td>120.4<\/td><td>131.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">19<\/th><td>145.7<\/td><td>115.1<\/td><td>122.8<\/td><td>134.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">20<\/th><td>148.6<\/td><td>117.4<\/td><td>125.2<\/td><td>136.9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-csv=\"true\" hidden>Download the numbers (CSV)<\/button><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>Tools of government <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Hood (1983), The Tools of Government, Macmillan<\/span><\/li><li>Carrots, sticks and sermons <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Bemelmans-Videc, Rist and Vedung (1998), Transaction<\/span><\/li><li>Diffusion of innovations <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Rogers (2003), Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press<\/span><\/li><li>Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333<\/span><\/li><li>One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Data<\/h4><p class=\"nx-p\">The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page&#8217;s map can draw:<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-src\"><li>Borders <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Cities <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">Compare instruments: rules, incentives and information. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: Tools of government (Hood (1983), The Tools of Government, Macmillan); Carrots, sticks and sermons (Bemelmans-Videc, Rist and Vedung (1998), Transaction); Diffusion of innovations (Rogers (2003), Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press).<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/foundry\/\">Policy Nexus in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/universe\/\">Policy Nexus in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/foundations\/\">Foundations and Governance in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/reports\/\">Policy Nexus in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/governance-policy\/\">Faculty of Governance, Policy and International Affairs in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"risk\" aria-label=\"Frameworks, Implementation, Overview, Twin and cascade simulator\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Frameworks, Implementation, Overview, Twin and cascade simulator\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-frameworks\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Frameworks<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-instrument-2\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Implementation<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-overview\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Overview<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-twin\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-frameworks\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"risk\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Frameworks<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What the work is read against.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The platform does not set standards. It reads its evidence against the frameworks that competent bodies have adopted, so a finding can be placed where a decision-maker already works.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Framework or standard<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it sets<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">OECD Recommendation on Regulatory Policy and Governance<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">OECD Council<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Whole-of-government regulatory policy: impact assessment, stakeholder engagement, ex post review and regulatory oversight bodies<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">OECD Recommendation on the Governance of Critical Risks<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">OECD Council<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">National strategies for critical risks, all-hazards assessment, risk-informed investment, transparency and cross-border cooperation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">IRGC <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-governance\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The institutions, rules, processes and actors through which collective decisions about risk are made, implemented and reviewed.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk governance<\/a> framework<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">International Risk Governance Center, EPFL<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Phases of pre-assessment, appraisal, characterisation, management and communication, distinguishing simple, complex, uncertain and ambiguous risks<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a><\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">UNDRR, endorsed by the UN General Assembly<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Priorities and global targets for understanding, governing and investing in disaster risk reduction, reported through the Sendai Framework Monitor<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Open Government Partnership national action plans<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">Open Government Partnership<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Co-created government commitments on transparency, participation and accountability, assessed by the Independent Reporting Mechanism<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Regulatory impact assessment guidance<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">OECD, European Commission Better Regulation guidelines and national cabinet offices<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">How the problem, options, costs, benefits, distributional effects and consultation of a proposed rule are assessed and published<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Sustainable Development Goal 16<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">United Nations<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Targets and indicators for effective, accountable and inclusive institutions, access to justice and responsive, participatory decision-making<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a> transparency and adaptation provisions<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">UNFCCC<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Nationally determined contributions, national adaptation plans and reporting under the Enhanced Transparency Framework<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/international-health-regulations-alignment\/\">International Health Regulations<\/a><\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">World Health Organization<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Obligations on States Parties for core public health capacities, event notification and annual self-assessment reporting<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">ISO 31000 Risk management guidelines<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">International Organization for Standardization<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Principles, framework and process for managing risk in organisations, public bodies included<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument-2\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"project\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Implementation<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">From mandate to evaluation, by pillar.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The steps an instrument takes from mandate to evaluation, each with the pillar that runs it, and the decisions that stay with the authority. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows Africa; the model itself is not tied to a place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-policy-1\" aria-label=\"From mandate to evaluation, by pillar\"><ol class=\"nx-in-steps\"><li><strong>Mandate and problem framing<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Competent authority (outside the programme)<\/span><br>A competent authority frames the problem and the mandate under its own rules. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Howlett, Ramesh and Perl (2009)<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Evidence and system model<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Foundry<\/span><br>The system is modelled with its feedbacks, data and stated limits. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">OECD (2014), principle 2<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Options appraised with scenarios<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Foundry<\/span><br>Instruments are compared under scenarios, with uncertainty shown. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Hood (1983)<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Exercise with stakeholders<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Universe<\/span><br>The options are tested in an exercise with those who would implement and bear them. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">OECD (2014), principle 3<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Standard or guidance drafted<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Nexus Standards<\/span><br>What works is codified as a standard or guidance, open to comment. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Nexus Standards process<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Decision by the authority<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Competent authority (outside the programme)<\/span><br>The authority decides, outside the programme, with the evidence on record. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Howlett, Ramesh and Perl (2009)<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Capacity and training<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Risk Academy<\/span><br>Those who implement are trained on the decided instrument and its data. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Sendai Framework (2015), priority 2<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Monitoring and public report<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Reports<\/span><br>Indicators are published with sources, limits and corrections. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">OECD (2014), principle 5<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Evaluation and revision<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Nexus Standards<\/span><br>Results return to the standard and the model: the cycle closes. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Howlett, Ramesh and Perl (2009)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>Policy cycle <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Howlett, Ramesh and Perl (2009), Studying Public Policy, Oxford University Press<\/span><\/li><li>Governance of critical risks <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">OECD (2014), Recommendation of the Council on the Governance of Critical Risks<\/span><\/li><li>Layered drawing of directed graphs <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Sugiyama, Tagawa and Toda (1981), IEEE SMC 11<\/span><\/li><\/ol><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">From mandate to evaluation, by pillar: the steps as recorded, each with its pillar; sources as cited on each step.<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/foundry\/\">Policy Nexus in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/universe\/\">Policy Nexus in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/foundations\/\">Foundations and Governance in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/reports\/\">Policy Nexus in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/governance-policy\/\">Faculty of Governance, Policy and International Affairs in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-overview\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"risk\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Overview<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What Policy Nexus does.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Risk-informed public policy is policy that brings evidence about hazards, exposure, vulnerability and systemic interdependence into budgets, regulation, investment and planning, with clear ownership in government. Policy Nexus, Global Risks Forum&#8217;s platform for it, covers disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk reduction<\/a>, climate adaptation, technology, health and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">social protection<\/a>, cross-border cooperation, implementation and inclusive development.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M22 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Who it serves<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Its community<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Policy advisers; institutional analysts; international cooperation teams; public administration researchers.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M6 18h8\"\/><path d=\"M3 22h18\"\/><path d=\"M14 22a7 7 0 1 0 0-14h-1\"\/><path d=\"M9 14h2\"\/><path d=\"M9 12a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6h6v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2Z\"\/><path d=\"M12 6V3a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H9a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">How it works<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Its methods<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Policy comparison; public consultation; option analysis.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M15 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7Z\"\/><path d=\"M14 2v4a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4\"\/><path d=\"M10 9H8\"\/><path d=\"M16 13H8\"\/><path d=\"M16 17H8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What it produces<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Its outputs<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Policy primers; comparative institutional briefs; dialogue records.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"project\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Exercise a cascade in Policy Nexus with the people who decide.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/political-and-governance-risk-standards\/\">Political and governance risk standards<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and communities that carry the loss, the controls and institutions that dampen it and the data that observe it. Pick an initiating event and step through the cascade to see where mandates meet and which decisions fall to whom. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every weight is a stated assumption. An exercise for dialogue, not a forecast, an assessment or a position. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-home-R03\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/political-and-governance-risk-standards\/\">Political and governance risk standards<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/conflict-and-security-risk-standards\/\">Conflict and security risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Feedback<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/finance\/financial-and-economic-risk-standards\/\">Financial and economic risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\">Disaster risk reduction<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Mechanism<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/information-integrity-and-trust\/\">Information integrity and trust<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Common driver<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-10<\/code> Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H112<\/code> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 hazard-family\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A group of hazards in the Nexus Hazard Standard that share a process, medium or system role, giving a stable middle level between domain and individual hazard.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Hazard family<\/a>: Governance and institutional failure (NHS-1 soc.governance)<\/li><li><code>NRS-U9<\/code> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> platform profile: Financial Regulation Nexus<\/li><li><code>NRS-H59<\/code> Hazard family: Economic shocks and governance failure (NHS-1 soc.economic)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H118<\/code> Hazard family: Organised crime and illicit economies (NHS-1 soc.crime)<\/li><li><code>NRS-A5<\/code> Built-in licensing and rights<\/li><li><code>NRS-U24<\/code> Universe platform profile: Policy Nexus<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Worldwide Governance Indicators (listed for reference)<\/li><li>V-Dem dataset (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Global SDG Indicators Database (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Proportion of population satisfied with their last experience of public services<\/li><li>Proportion of population who believe decision-making is inclusive and responsive<\/li><li>Number of countries that adopt and implement national DRR strategies in line with the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"risk\" aria-label=\"What the platform does, Instruments and commitments, Foundations and counterparts\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"What the platform does, Instruments and commitments, Foundations and counterparts\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-what-the-platform-does\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">What the platform does<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Instruments and commitments<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-foundations-and-counterparts\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Foundations and counterparts<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-what-the-platform-does\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"risk\" data-variant=\"inset\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the platform does<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Comparison, options and dialogue.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Policy Nexus produces policy primers, comparative institutional briefs and dialogue records. Its methods are policy comparison, public consultation and option analysis. It serves the people who advise on and implement policy, and the researchers who study public institutions, by providing a neutral place to compare approaches and test options.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m16 16 3-8 3 8c-.87.65-1.92 1-3 1s-2.13-.35-3-1Z\"\/><path d=\"m2 16 3-8 3 8c-.87.65-1.92 1-3 1s-2.13-.35-3-1Z\"\/><path d=\"M7 21h10\"\/><path d=\"M12 3v18\"\/><path d=\"M3 7h2c2 0 5-1 7-2 2 1 5 2 7 2h2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Compare<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">How institutions respond<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Comparative analysis of laws, mandates, instruments and outcomes across jurisdictions, with their context stated.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><polygon points=\"16.24 7.76 14.12 14.12 7.76 16.24 9.88 9.88 16.24 7.76\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Examine<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Options and trade-offs<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Structured option analysis that sets out consequences, uncertainty and who bears costs, without recommending a choice.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M14 9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6l-4 4V4c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2z\"\/><path d=\"M18 9h2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v11l-4-4h-6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Convene<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Dialogue and learning<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Policy dialogues and consultations where public servants and experts exchange experience under agreed rules. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/dialogues\/\">policy dialogues<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-processing=\"true\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Instruments and commitments<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How Policy Nexus is governed: instruments, mandates and commitments.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The instruments, mandates, actors and accountability arrangements a policymaker, diplomat or development agency works with, citing the agreements that set them. Structures follow the frameworks named. Any state or progress drawn is illustrative, not a record.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"governance\" data-au-n=\"2\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"instrument-matrix\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Policy instrument matrix<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">The kinds of instrument available on Policy Nexus, by level of government and cooperation.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Local<\/th><th scope=\"col\">National<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Regional<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Global<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Instrument type\"><strong>Regulatory<\/strong><\/td><td data-label=\"Local\">Zoning, building codes<\/td><td data-label=\"National\">Laws, standards, licensing<\/td><td data-label=\"Regional\">Harmonised rules<\/td><td data-label=\"Global\">Conventions and treaties<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Instrument type\"><strong>Economic<\/strong><\/td><td data-label=\"Local\">Local levies, grants<\/td><td data-label=\"National\">Budget lines, taxes, insurance schemes<\/td><td data-label=\"Regional\">Risk pools, regional funds<\/td><td data-label=\"Global\">Financing mechanisms<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Instrument type\"><strong>Information<\/strong><\/td><td data-label=\"Local\">Local warnings<\/td><td data-label=\"National\">Disclosure, early warning, statistics<\/td><td data-label=\"Regional\">Data sharing arrangements<\/td><td data-label=\"Global\">Global monitoring and reporting<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Instrument type\"><strong>Institutional<\/strong><\/td><td data-label=\"Local\">Local committees<\/td><td data-label=\"National\">Lead agencies, coordination councils<\/td><td data-label=\"Regional\">Regional bodies and secretariats<\/td><td data-label=\"Global\">Multilateral mandates<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Instrument type\"><strong>Cooperative<\/strong><\/td><td data-label=\"Local\">Community agreements<\/td><td data-label=\"National\">Partnership compacts<\/td><td data-label=\"Regional\">Memoranda and joint programmes<\/td><td data-label=\"Global\">Agreements and joint commitments<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>A typology after the OECD Recommendation on the Governance of Critical Risks; examples of instrument types, not an inventory of any country&#8217;s measures.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"accountability-cycle\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Accountability cycle<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">How commitments on Policy Nexus are held to account, from commitment to correction.<\/p><span class=\"nx-cycle-rail nx-mt-3\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><ol class=\"nx-cycle\"><li><span class=\"nx-cycle-step\">Commit<\/span><span class=\"nx-cycle-owner\">Government<\/span><span class=\"nx-cycle-text\">A commitment with a mandate and a legal basis.<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-cycle-step\">Plan<\/span><span class=\"nx-cycle-owner\">Lead agency<\/span><span class=\"nx-cycle-text\">A national plan with owners and milestones.<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-cycle-step\">Resource<\/span><span class=\"nx-cycle-owner\">Ministry of finance<\/span><span class=\"nx-cycle-text\">A budget line or financing on record.<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-cycle-step\">Implement<\/span><span class=\"nx-cycle-owner\">Agencies and local government<\/span><span class=\"nx-cycle-text\">Delivery against the plan.<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-cycle-step\">Report<\/span><span class=\"nx-cycle-owner\">Statistics office<\/span><span class=\"nx-cycle-text\">Indicators reported in agreed definitions.<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-cycle-step\">Review<\/span><span class=\"nx-cycle-owner\">Legislature, audit, civil society<\/span><span class=\"nx-cycle-text\">Independent review of results and gaps.<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-cycle-step\">Correct<\/span><span class=\"nx-cycle-owner\">Government<\/span><span class=\"nx-cycle-text\">Changes to the plan, published with reasons.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>A generic accountability cycle; the owner of each step follows the country&#8217;s own constitution and law.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction \u00b7 UNDRR<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Paris Agreement \u00b7 UNFCCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals \u00b7 United Nations<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">International Health Regulations \u00b7 WHO<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-foundations-and-counterparts\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"risk\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Foundations and counterparts<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Steward of policy science, connected across three institutions.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Policy Nexus stewards <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/stem\/policy-science\/\">policy, institutional and decision science<\/a> and game theory and mechanism design in the STEM Commons, and applies causal inference and impact evaluation and decision analysis under uncertainty; see the STEM foundation. Two chapters develop specialist lines: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/chapters\/geoeconomic-and-trade-governance\/\">geoeconomic and trade governance<\/a> and inclusive development governance.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><ul class=\"nx-dir\" data-cols=\"3\" aria-label=\"Counterpart\"><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Systemic Risk Management at <abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">What it adds<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">The science of identifying and managing systemic and cascading risk.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/systems-modelling\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Systems Science and Modelling at GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">What it adds<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Models of coupled systems that policy options can be tested against.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/financial-regulations-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Financial Regulation Nexus at <abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">What it adds<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Research on financial regulation, distinct from regulators&#8217; own authority.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/financial-stability\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Financial Stability at GRA<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">What it adds<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Shared industry understanding of system-wide financial risk.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-geography\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">People and hazards in Africa.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Population density, night lights and flood water over Africa, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"africa:governance\" data-ml-points=\"on\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"governance\" data-ml-plan=\"p-f19bb399\" data-ml-view=\"2d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:governance\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.health.people gibs.energy.ntl gibs.water.flood gibs.energy.fires gibs.health.lstd gibs.water.true ev.eonet r.labels ev.usgs r.goese r.hbase\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-governance\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-governance\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"-19,-36,53,38\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"People and hazards, Africa: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"flood,people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">People and floods<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"flood,ntl||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Floods and lights<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"ntl,people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Lights and people<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Population<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">People and hazards, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"people\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Population density\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)\" data-wm-kind=\"Census-based estimate, static (2020)\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Population density, 2020<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University) Gridded Population of the World v4.11 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-wm-unit=\"people\/km\u00b2\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"people\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.people\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"ntl\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.9\" data-wm-short=\"Night lights\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LAADS DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Night-time lights, daily<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LAADS DAAC VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ntl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"nW\/(cm\u00b2 sr)\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"ntl\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.energy.ntl\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) (NASA LAADS DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LAADS DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite night-time radiance for the date shown; lights are a proxy for electricity use and outages, not a measurement of supply or access.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"flood\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Flood water\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Flood water, 3-day composite<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS Global Flood Product \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"flood\">14 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"flood\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.flood\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS Global Flood Product (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"fires\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"23\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"1\" data-wm-breaks=\"10,50,200\" data-wm-short=\"Fires and flares\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE FIRMS\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite detection; clouds and overpass timing leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Active fires and thermal anomalies<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE FIRMS VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"fires\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"MW\">Observed (clouds and overpass timing leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"fires\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.energy.fires\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds and overpass timing leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS) (NASA LANCE FIRMS)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE FIRMS<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite detection; clouds and overpass timing leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite hot-spot detections for the day shown, including gas flares and industrial heat; not a confirmed fire, an incident report or a warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"lstd\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Land temperature, day\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lstd\">14 Sep 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"\u00b0C\">Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"lstd\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.lstd\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>8-day; Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-09-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite skin temperature of the ground over the 8 days ending on the date shown, a heat exposure indicator; not air temperature, heat index or a heat warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"6\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" title=\"Layers\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2.5l-6.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5zm-6.5 6.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5m-13 2.8 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"tools\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" title=\"Expert tools\"><svg viewBox=\"0 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class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"reset\" aria-label=\"Reset the view\" title=\"Reset the view\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.2 8a4.8 4.8 0 1 0 1.5-3.5M3.2 2.6v2.6h2.6\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"full\" aria-label=\"Full screen\" title=\"Full screen\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M2.5 6l0-3.5 3.5 0m7.5 3.5 0-3.5-3.5 0m-7.5 7.5 0 3.5 3.5 0m7.5-3.5 0 3.5-3.5 0\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-menu\" id=\"nx-wm-menu\" role=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"inspect\">Inspect a point<kbd>I<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>People and hazards, framed on Africa.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 U.S. Geological Survey<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"sedac.gpw-v4\">Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7927\/H49C6VHW\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.7927\/H49C6VHW<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.laads.black-marble\">VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.firms\">NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), VIIRS 375 m active fire product, NASA LANCE; vector tiles via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Context: \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS. \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), rendered by NASA GIBS.<\/li><li>Live: U.S. Geological Survey Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Optional layers (5 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/li><li>Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ntl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"flood\">14 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Active fires and thermal anomalies: VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS), NASA LANCE FIRMS \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"fires\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lstd\">14 Sep 2026<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-4\" data-hue=\"risk\" aria-label=\"Coverage, Grounding, Cycle, Six pillars\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Coverage, Grounding, Cycle, Six pillars\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-areas\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Coverage<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-grounding\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Grounding<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-cycle\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Cycle<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pillars\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Six pillars<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-areas\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"risk\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Coverage<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The areas of policy this platform takes on.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Policy Nexus studies how public institutions decide about shared and consequential risks: how mandates are assigned, how rules are made and assessed, how agreements across borders are negotiated and kept, and how policy designs become monitored outcomes. Its pages set out the governance mechanisms through which policy risk develops and spreads, the measures of policy capacity and regulatory quality, the public records behind them, and the institutions that hold each decision, with every measure labelled by its evidence.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"columns\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"4\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m16 16 3-8 3 8c-.87.65-1.92 1-3 1s-2.13-.35-3-1Z\"\/><path d=\"m2 16 3-8 3 8c-.87.65-1.92 1-3 1s-2.13-.35-3-1Z\"\/><path d=\"M7 21h10\"\/><path d=\"M12 3v18\"\/><path d=\"M3 7h2c2 0 5-1 7-2 2 1 5 2 7 2h2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Risk informed policy<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">How governments bring risk evidence into budgets, regulation, planning and investment, and who at the centre of government owns it.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 12a10.06 10.06 1 0 0-20 0Z\"\/><path d=\"M12 12v8a2 2 0 0 0 4 0\"\/><path d=\"M12 2v1\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Disaster risk reduction<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">National and local strategies, legal mandates and prevention budgets under the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a>, and how their implementation is monitored.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12 2v2\"\/><path d=\"m4.93 4.93 1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"M20 12h2\"\/><path d=\"m19.07 4.93-1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"M15.947 12.65a4 4 0 0 0-5.925-4.128\"\/><path d=\"M3 20a5 5 0 1 1 8.9-4H13a3 3 0 0 1 2 5.24\"\/><path d=\"M11 20v2\"\/><path d=\"M7 19v2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Climate and adaptation governance<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Climate laws, adaptation plans, nationally determined contributions and how climate risk enters spatial and sectoral planning.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect width=\"16\" height=\"16\" x=\"4\" y=\"4\" rx=\"2\"\/><rect width=\"6\" height=\"6\" x=\"9\" y=\"9\" rx=\"1\"\/><path d=\"M15 2v2\"\/><path d=\"M15 20v2\"\/><path d=\"M2 15h2\"\/><path d=\"M2 9h2\"\/><path d=\"M20 15h2\"\/><path d=\"M20 9h2\"\/><path d=\"M9 2v2\"\/><path d=\"M9 20v2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Technology and innovation policy<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Rules, standards and supervisory institutions for artificial intelligence, biotechnology and other emerging technologies.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M19 14c1.49-1.46 3-3.21 3-5.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 0 16.5 3c-1.76 0-3 .5-4.5 2-1.5-1.5-2.74-2-4.5-2A5.5 5.5 0 0 0 2 8.5c0 2.3 1.5 4.05 3 5.5l7 7Z\"\/><path d=\"M3.22 12l6.28 0 .5-1 2 4.5 2-7 1.5 3.5 5.27 0\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Health and social protection<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Health security obligations, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">social protection<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and the institutions that sustain wellbeing through shocks.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\"\/><path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3v0a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v0c0 1.1.9 2 2 2v0a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v0c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\"\/><path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2v0a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Cross-border cooperation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Treaties, joint bodies and data sharing on shared river basins, interconnected grids and trade and transport corridors.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect width=\"8\" height=\"8\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M7 11v4a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4\"\/><rect width=\"8\" height=\"8\" x=\"13\" y=\"13\" rx=\"2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Implementation and evaluation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">How policies are delivered, monitored, audited and evaluated, and how the lessons return to the next decision.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M22 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Inclusive development governance<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Participation, representation, accountability and the institutional conditions under which development policy reaches excluded groups.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-grounding\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"project\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">15<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Grounding<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Built on named science, technology, engineering and mathematics.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Every claim on Policy Nexus rests on methods with a canonical page in the STEM Commons, so readers can see what a finding depends on and where its limits lie.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Policy, institutional and decision science<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Game theory and mechanism design<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Causal inference and impact evaluation<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Decision analysis under uncertainty<\/span><\/div><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-3\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/stem\/\">See the STEM foundation of Policy Nexus<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-cycle\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"risk\" data-variant=\"inset\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-16\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">16<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Cycle<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How work moves in this field.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">A question becomes evidence, a governed build, an organised community, a controlled test, a reviewed publication and, finally, a decision taken by the competent authority under its own rules.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cycle-lanes\"><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Question<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> National, regional or institutional priority. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/programmes\/\">Question in Policy Nexus<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Evidence<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> STEM foundation of the platform. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/stem\/\">Evidence in Policy Nexus<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Build<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Foundry. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/foundry\/\">Build in Policy Nexus<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Organise<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/organization\/architecture\/ii.-definitions\/i.-nexus-ecosystem\" data-tc=\"Nexus Ecosystem\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The whole of the institutions, pillars, systems and communities\">Nexus ecosystem<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/community\/\">Organise in Policy Nexus<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Test<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Universe (independent site). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/universe\/\">Test in Policy Nexus<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Publish<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> Reports. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/reports\/\">Publish in Policy Nexus<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"authority\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Decide<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Competent authority<\/span> Competent authorities and institutions, through <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s18\" data-tc=\"NXS-RLS\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Participants, agreements and handoffs\" data-ts=\"NRS-S18\">NXS-RLS (participants, agreements and handoffs)<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/trust\/\">Decide in Policy Nexus<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Renew<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Corrections and the next annual agenda. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/programmes\/\">Renew in Policy Nexus<\/a><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Each step of the cycle in the pillar it runs in; the decision stays with the competent authority, outside the programme.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"authority\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Competent authority (outside the programme)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pillars\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"project\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-17\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">17<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Six pillars<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How this works across the six pillars.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Policy Nexus works through six pillars of one annual programme, led by the Nexus Consortium, with the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), GRF and the Global Risks Alliance (GRA) each contributing in its role: explore, experiment and prototype in <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/labs\" data-tc=\"Labs\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The research pillar of the programme, one of six (OR-11, OR-12)\">Labs<\/a>, build, simulate and prepare in Foundry, convene and test in Universe, codify, correct and apply in <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>, publish in every format in Reports, teach in the open in Risk Academy.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-pl-ring nx-canvas-wrap\" data-pl-hex=\"true\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-phex\" data-nx-phex=\"012345\" data-phex-ctx=\"whole\" data-phex=\"{&quot;S&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;L&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Experiments&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Turns open questions into designed experiments&quot;,&quot;Prototypes new methods, data pipelines and tools&quot;,&quot;Records failures and limits alongside results&quot;,&quot;Hands reproducible prototypes to the Foundry&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;F&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Builds&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/foundry\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Builds the cycle's software, data and environments&quot;,&quot;Simulates scenarios and runs benchmarks&quot;,&quot;Monitors hazards, systems and evidence&quot;,&quot;Develops and tracks the National Portfolio&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;U&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Convenes and tests&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/universe\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/universe.nexus\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Sets the annual mandate and admits missions&quot;,&quot;Runs readiness, the controlled build and Action Week&quot;,&quot;Stands down temporary capacity and seals evidence&quot;,&quot;Reviews the year and renews the mandate&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;S&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Standards&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Nexus Standards&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Codify and correct&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/foundations\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Identifies every artefact with a UNI&quot;,&quot;Routes work to the standards that apply&quot;,&quot;Validates and monitors conformance evidence&quot;,&quot;Takes cycle findings as change proposals&quot;,&quot;Records national adoption&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;R&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Publishes&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/reports\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes four editions a year, with Q4 as the annual flagship&quot;,&quot;Maintains country and regional profiles&quot;,&quot;Publishes exponential technology streams&quot;,&quot;Records corrections and method changes&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;academy&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;A&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Academy&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Risk Academy&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Teaches&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/governance-policy\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes a course for every system, standard and programme role&quot;,&quot;Assesses learning on real cycle tasks&quot;,&quot;Issues microcredentials and achievements through accountable issuers&quot;,&quot;Feeds qualified people into the next cycle&quot;]}],&quot;H&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F01&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision case&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F02&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Core Build Report and go or no-go evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F03&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F04&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F05&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;National Portfolio movement for chapter 11&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F06&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Method and correction findings as change proposals&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F07&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Docket items that need a standard or a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F08&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Composed mission profiles and national adoption records&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F09&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each adopted standard or profile becomes a course module&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F10&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F11&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Qualified participants for the next cycle's roles&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F12&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F13&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Validation and monitoring evidence for conformance review&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F14&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a learning-by-doing course&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R1&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Applied in editions&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R2&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Taught in the open&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R3&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:0,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Questions become experiments&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R4&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:0,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Tested prototypes are built&quot;}],&quot;PH&quot;:[[&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;Planning&quot;],[&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;Readiness preparation&quot;],[&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;Controlled build&quot;],[&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;Closeout&quot;],[&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;After-action review&quot;],[&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;Correction&quot;],[&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;Docket review&quot;],[&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;Renewal&quot;]],&quot;L&quot;:[[1,3],[1,2],[2,5],[2,4],[1,5,2],[1,4,3],[1,4,2],[1,2,3],[2,3,5],[1,5,2,3],[1,4,2,3],[1,3,5,2],[1,2,4,3],[2,4,3,5],[1,5,2,4,3],[1,4,3,5,2],[0,1,2,3,4,5]],&quot;CTX&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;whole&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;The whole programme&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3,4,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year's feedback loops.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;practice&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;From prototype to practice&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;A Labs prototype is built in the Foundry, tested in a Universe mission and codified as a standard.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;build-test&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Build and test&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;The Foundry builds what a mission needs; Universe returns the go or no-go evidence.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;conformance&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Conformance&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Validation evidence goes to Standards for review; composed profiles come back for the next build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;correction&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;A finding becomes a correction&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,4,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Observations are published, a method finding becomes a change proposal, the corrected profile returns to the build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mandate&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Setting the next mandate&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,4],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;After-action findings go into the editions; the Q4 synthesis informs next year's mandate.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;people&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;People for the next cycle&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence; qualified participants take roles in the next cycle.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;learning&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Learning by doing&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a course; learners join missions, and missions return to the Foundry.&quot;}]}\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-plate\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Routes through the programme\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span>Select pillars \u00b7 hover lines<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">18 \/ 18 handoffs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"The six pillars of the Consortium's programme: 18 of 18 handoffs in play, 17 feedback loops closed.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-phex-legend\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span><i class=\"nx-phex-k1\"><\/i>handoff in play<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-phex-k2\"><\/i>recorded handoff<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-phex-k3\"><\/i>no direct handoff<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-phex-phase\" hidden><p class=\"nx-phex-phh\"><span class=\"nx-phex-phk\">Programme year<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-pn\">All phases<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-phex-steps\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Phases of the programme year\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"play\">Play the year<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"allph\">All phases<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Route<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">The whole programme<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year&#8217;s feedback loops.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>L<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>U<\/span> \u00b7 <span>S<\/span> \u00b7 <span>R<\/span> \u00b7 <span>A<\/span><\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Pillars<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Handoffs<\/dt><dd><strong>18<\/strong> <small>of 18<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Loops<\/dt><dd><strong>17<\/strong> <small>closed<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><h3 class=\"nx-nsig-dh\">Handoffs in play<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-nsig-rel nx-phex-rel\"><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F01<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Universe \u2192 Foundry<\/b> \u00b7 Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision case<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">Readiness preparation<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F02<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Foundry \u2192 Universe<\/b> \u00b7 Core Build Report and go or no-go evidence<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">Controlled build<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F03<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Foundry \u2192 Reports<\/b> \u00b7 Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">Closeout<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F04<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Universe \u2192 Reports<\/b> \u00b7 After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">After-action review<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">and 14 more<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" data-phex-acts=\"true\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"all\">Whole ring<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-phex-act=\"copy\">Copy route<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">F01 to F14 are the recorded handoffs of the programme year, each with the artefact that moves and its phase; R1, R2, R3 and R4 carry work around the ring. A loop counts when every pillar on it is selected. Every pillar is led by the Nexus Consortium.<\/figcaption><\/figure><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Labs<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where questions become experiments and prototypes: new methods, data and tools are tried in the open, with their limits on record, before the Foundry builds them, under the Nexus Consortium.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Foundry<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where the evidence behind a mandate or commitment is built, with its owner and limits on record.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/foundry\/\">Policy Nexus in Foundry<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Universe<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where mandates become missions: GRF records each gate, convenes the parties and keeps implementation accountable.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/universe\/\">Policy Nexus in Universe<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">universe.nexus<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where shared rules are agreed in the open; each jurisdiction decides adoption, and no global body holds a veto.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/foundations\/\">Foundations and Governance in Standards<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">nexustandards.com<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where governance analysis and the year&#8217;s results are published, so commitments can be followed and checked.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/reports\/\">Policy Nexus in Reports<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Risk Academy<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where policymakers, diplomats and agency staff learn the programme roles and decision-making on the record, on Risk Academy.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/governance-policy\/\">Faculty of Governance, Policy and International Affairs in Academy<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">risksacademy.com<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-5\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"risk\" aria-label=\"Consortium, Pages, Connected, Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Consortium, Pages, Connected, Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-consortium\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Consortium<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-19-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Pages<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-20-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Connected<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-21-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-consortium\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"risk\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-18\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">18<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Consortium<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-18\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The same field, seen three ways.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">GCRI studies a field as science, GRF governs it and GRA builds shared financial understanding of it. Policy Nexus links to its counterparts so that work on one side is visible on the others.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><ul class=\"nx-dir\" data-cols=\"3\" aria-label=\"Platform\"><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-registry\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Registry<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Governance and institutions<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-agency\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Agency<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Governance and institutions<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/risk-management\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Systemic Risk Management<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Risk management and systemic risk<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/financial-regulations-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Financial Regulation Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Governance and institutions<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/financial-stability\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Financial Stability<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Risk management and systemic risk<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/financial-crime-fraud\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Financial Crime and Fraud Risk<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Governance and institutions<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/systems-modelling\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Systems Science and Modelling<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Risk management and systemic risk<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-19-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-19\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">19<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Pages<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-19\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Pages in Policy Nexus.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cards\" data-cols=\"3\"><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/about\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Mandate, publisher and status<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/field\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Discipline and institutional issues<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/research\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Research and institutional knowledge<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/practice\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Professional practice<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/dialogues\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Dialogues and cooperation<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/programmes\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Programmes and projects<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/nexus-universe\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Annual programme contribution<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/community\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Specialist and institutional community<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/learning\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Leadership and skills<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/events\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Convenings and dialogues<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/publications\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Published findings<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/participate\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Participate<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Institutional contact<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/trust\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Transparency, rights and safeguards<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/stem\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">STEM foundation of Policy Nexus<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/chapters\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Chapters<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/cycle\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">How work moves in this field<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/foundry\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Build in Foundry<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/universe\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Test in Universe<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/reports\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Publish in Reports<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/counterparts\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">The same field across the Consortium<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/topics\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Topics<\/h3><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-20-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"risk\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-20\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">20<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-20\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/fields\/governance\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Field gateway<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Governance and institutions<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/fields\/risk\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Field gateway<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Risk management and systemic risk<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-21-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-21\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">21<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-21\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>Who publishes Policy Nexus?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The Global Risks Forum (GRF) publishes Policy Nexus and is responsible for what it publishes. GRF convenes and governs programmes. It does not regulate, finance, procure or certify, and hosting or sponsorship confers no authority over findings.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is Policy Nexus active?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Policy Nexus is an established platform of The Global Risks Forum. Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can I contribute?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Start with <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/participate\/\">the participation paths<\/a> or write to the contact form. An enquiry receives a reference; it does not create membership, a role or an assignment.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Where are findings published?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Reviewed outputs appear on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/publications\/\">the publications page<\/a>, and contributions to the Reports series are listed on Publish in Reports.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which values on this platform are real?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Indicator names, units, sources, methods and frameworks are real. Levels in figures and canvases are examples in a design. A programme replaces them with labelled evidence it owns.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How do I report an error?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Use <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/trust\/corrections\/\">corrections and concerns<\/a>, or write to the integrity concern form. A correction is recorded as a new version, never a silent edit.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does Policy Nexus make policy recommendations?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">It analyses options and sets out their consequences and trade-offs. It does not issue binding recommendations or speak for any government. Choices remain with the competent authorities under their own processes.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Who takes part in policy dialogues?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Public servants, advisers, researchers and practitioners, usually in their professional capacity. Participation is by invitation or application as each dialogue opens, and it gives no authority over findings.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"risk\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Risks Forum<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Policy Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Evidence Brief<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Portfolio and Readiness<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GRF<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Global Risks Forum<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/grf\/policy#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scn-h-r03\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">How it works<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-scn-h-r03\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">How Policy Nexus works.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-mt-2\">Choose a view and press Play to follow the platform&#8217;s process, its programme year, the standards it applies and how its findings are published. The outline shows how the work is designed to run, not the status of any decision.<\/p><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><div class=\"nx-pe\" id=\"nx-pe-r03\" data-nx-pe=\"nx-pe-r03\" data-active=\"platforms\"><div class=\"nx-pe-shell\"><p class=\"nx-pe-eb\">Policy Nexus<\/p><h2 class=\"nx-pe-title\">How Policy Nexus works<\/h2><p class=\"nx-pe-others\"><span aria-current=\"true\">Platforms<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Programme year<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Standards<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Reports<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-pe-cap\">A platform joins a field to named methods, labelled evidence and the outputs it publishes, without becoming the authority it serves.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pe-steps\"><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">01 Scope<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Field and families<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Start \u00b7 The platform lead<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The home states the field, its families and who it serves.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Topic dossiers<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 Platform authors<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Topics explain the subject with labelled evidence.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">02 Evidence<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Evidence labels<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Each value is labelled: observed, published statistics, estimated, modelled, scenario or unknown.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 Method owners<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Methods come from the STEM Commons, each with one canonical page.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">03 Work<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Scenarios on the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Model \u00b7 Foundry pillar<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Scenarios run on the Nexus systems, labelled as scenario.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Standards that apply<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The platform names the standards that apply. A validator report is evidence for review.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">04 Publish<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Editions<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Findings are published through Reports with their limits.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Authority decides<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Outcome \u00b7 The competent authority<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Decisions and execution stay with the government, operator or licensed institution.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-pe-foot\"><span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Policy Nexus home<\/a> \u00b7 Platforms \u00b7 Shared methods<\/span><span>An outline of how the work is designed to run; it does not report the status of any decision or record.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" id=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy\" data-nx-takepart=\"GRF\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Take part<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy-h\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Take part in Policy Nexus.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-mt-2\">Start from who you are. Answer an open call. Or form and lead a competence cell on the Policy Nexus platform.<\/p><div class=\"nx-mt-3\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"routes\"><div class=\"nx-tablist\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Ways to take part\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy-tab-routes\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy-panel-routes\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"routes\">Routes<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy-tab-calls\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy-panel-calls\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"calls\">Open calls<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy-tab-cell\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy-panel-cell\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"cell\">Cells and CERTs<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy-tab-index\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy-panel-index\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"index\">The Index<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy-panel-routes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy-tab-routes\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">National institutions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Ministries, statistics offices and agencies: a national desk and chapter, and a seat in the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/national-chapters\/\">National chapters<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Sectors and professions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Operators, regulators, banks, insurers and professional bodies whose work touches Policy Nexus. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/participate\/\">Participate<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Learning<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Courses and practice, with a record of every course completed. Free to study. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/open-learning\/\">Open learning<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Standards<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Draft, review and adopt the methods and data standards with the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/working-groups\/\">Working groups<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Communities and research<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Universities, civil society and individual experts: projects, data and review. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/contact\/\">Write to the team<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy-panel-calls\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy-tab-calls\" hidden><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-nx-calls=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Open call<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Seeks<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Closes<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-15\"><td>Founding call for experts to the working groups <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-FOUNDING-EXPERTS<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor, chair<\/td><td>2026-12-15<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-01\"><td>Open nomination for the three independent expert seats of the Global Standards Council <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-GSC-IND<\/span><\/td><td>council-member<\/td><td>2026-12-01<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-15\"><td>Nominations of interim regional members (applies only if the transitional provision is decided) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-GSC-REG<\/span><\/td><td>council-member<\/td><td>2026-12-15<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Review of the wave-1 risk core outlines (C1, C2, C3, C4, C8, C10, C11) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-REVIEW-WAVE1<\/span><\/td><td>contributor<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Experts for the core standards of risk science: uncertainty and evidence grading, scales, structured expert judgement, tolerability, extremes and compound events, catastrophic and existential risk, ethics and equity, units and measurement (NRS-C17 to NRS-C24) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-CORE-SCIENCE<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor, chair<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-03-31\"><td>Independent reviewers for the families of the hazard atlas, three from at least two regions for each family (NHS2-R19), priority families first <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-ATLAS-REVIEW<\/span><\/td><td>expert<\/td><td>2027-03-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-11-30\"><td>Members of the interim Frontier Safety Review Panel and red-team reviewers (biosafety and biosecurity, AI safety and security, critical-infrastructure security); applications treated in confidence <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-FRONTIER-SAFETY-REVIEW<\/span><\/td><td>expert<\/td><td>2026-11-30<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Experts in ontology, metrology, software verification and conformity assessment for the requirement register, the NHS-2 machine representation, the conformance test suites and the conformity assessment scheme <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-CONFORMANCE-ONTOLOGY<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\">Calls past their closing date are hidden automatically. Every call, proposal and route: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/open-areas-and-calls\/\">open areas and calls<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy-panel-cell\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy-tab-cell\" hidden><div class=\"nx-panel-split\"><ol class=\"nx-terms\"><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Gather the cell<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Bring together three to seven people with complementary skills: data, field practice, policy and communication.<\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Register it<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Write to the team with the cell&#8217;s name, members, area and region. You receive a reference and a contact. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/contact\/\">Write to the team<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Choose a charter<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Pick one focus: research and evidence, data and maps, standards review, or community preparedness.<\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Learn together<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Follow shared study paths at Risk Academy, with practice and a record of every course completed. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/hazards-resilience\/\">Hazards and resilience<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Lead and report<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Hold regular sessions. Publish what the cell learns through Reports. Bring findings to the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/working-groups\/\">Working groups<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-callout nx-panel-aside\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy-cert\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\" id=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy-cert\">Specialise as a Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">A CERT prepares its neighbourhood for the hazards it faces. It builds a local hazard profile from this site&#8217;s map. It trains in household and street preparedness. It learns first aid and light search through recognised local providers, and it runs drills.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">A CERT works alongside the local emergency services and follows their direction. It never replaces them and is not an emergency service.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy-panel-index\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-globalriskforum-com-policy-tab-index\" hidden><p class=\"nx-panel-lead\">What a national team or a local community can do on The Global Risks Index (<a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s6\" data-tc=\"NXS-GRX\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Canonical data, provenance and risk\" data-ts=\"NRS-S6\">NXS-GRX<\/a>) today.<\/p><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"4\"><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Your country&#8217;s profile<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Open risk profiles for 195 countries, with sources and licences on every value. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Correct or reply<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Correct a value or reply for your country. The change is logged with its effect. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Offer data<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Offer a dataset. It enters through the licence gate, with your credit. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Use the open data<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Layers, profiles and tiles through the open API. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"project\" id=\"nx-grix-globalriskforum-com-policy\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-nx-grix=\"governance:africa\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-grix-globalriskforum-com-policy-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The Global Risks Index<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-grix-globalriskforum-com-policy-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Every figure on this page is indexed: governance, conflict, society, Africa.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The Index is the Consortium&#8217;s indexing system for risk data. Every indicator, hazard, series and country profile carries its <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> identifier, its source and its licence, so what this page shows can be traced, corrected and reused.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix\"><ol class=\"nx-grix-rail\" aria-label=\"The data pipeline\"><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">01 \u00b7 Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">205 registered sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Every value keeps its source and licence; withheld values are counted.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/data\/\">Data and licences<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">02 \u00b7 Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">NIS-1 and NHS-1<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">451 indicators, 905 hazards; every record carries a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a>.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">03 \u00b7 The Index<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">54 series, 195 country profiles<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Computed on the standards; no value is published until an edition is released.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">The Global Risks Index<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">04 \u00b7 This page<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">Policy Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Maps, figures and feeds read the Index in the context of governance, conflict, society and Africa.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/developers\/\">Public API<\/a><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nx-grix-kpis\"><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">205<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">registered, each with its licence<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">451<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">NIS-1, 106 composites, 20 domain indices<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">905<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">NHS-1, crosswalked to UNDRR-ISC HIPs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Series<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">54<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">global, sector, strategic, technology, thematic<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Country profiles<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">195<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">one site per country<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-grid\"><div class=\"nx-grix-col\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Series in this context <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">governance, conflict, society<\/span><\/h3><ol class=\"nx-grix-ledger\"><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GLB<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/global\/\">Global Systems<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">The state of interdependent <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Nexus risk class: a risk whose hazard, consequences or causal chain crosses national borders and acts at continental or planetary scale, so that no single country can assess or manage it alone.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">global risk<\/a>: the twenty domain indices aggregated to the world, the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> (water, energy, food, health, biodiversity) and their couplings, the global tail register and the gap\u2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000002<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Conflict \u00b7 Society \u00b7 Governance<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GS<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/gs-14\/\">Global Policy and institutions<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">Governance weakness, state capacity, rule of law, preparedness frameworks and the institutional ability to anticipate and adapt.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000072<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Governance \u00b7 Crisis \u00b7 Conflict<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">SR<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/sr-02\/\">Conflict, fragility and human security<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">Conflict risk and escalation, fragility, organised violence, civilian harm and the conflict\u2013climate\u2013food\u2013displacement nexus.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000075<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Conflict \u00b7 Governance \u00b7 Society<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">SR<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/sr-11\/\">Information integrity and social cohesion<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h52\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cyber.integrity.misinformation-surge\" data-tk=\"Information and cyber-physical systems \u00b7 Information-integrity attacks\" data-td=\"Rapid spread of false or misleading information without coordinated intent, often amplified by platforms and AI, that drowns out accurate warnings during crises.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H52\" data-tr=\"draft\">Information disorder<\/a>, polarisation, trust and cohesion as amplifiers of every other risk.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000084<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Governance \u00b7 Society \u00b7 Conflict<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-grix-foot\" data-nav=\"inline\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/\">All 54 series<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/indices\/\">The 20 domain indices<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-col nx-grix-side\"><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Country profiles <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">Africa<\/span><\/h3><div class=\"nx-grix-chips\"><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/ago\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">AGO<\/span>Angola<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/bdi\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BDI<\/span>Burundi<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/ben\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BEN<\/span>Benin<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/bfa\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BFA<\/span>Burkina Faso<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/bwa\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BWA<\/span>Botswana<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/caf\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">CAF<\/span>Central African Republic<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/civ\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">CIV<\/span>C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/cmr\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">CMR<\/span>Cameroon<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/cod\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">COD<\/span>Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/cog\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">COG<\/span>Congo<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/com\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">COM<\/span>Comoros<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/cpv\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">CPV<\/span>Cabo Verde<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/dji\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">DJI<\/span>Djibouti<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/dza\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">DZA<\/span>Algeria<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/egy\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">EGY<\/span>Egypt<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/eri\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">ERI<\/span>Eritrea<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/eth\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">ETH<\/span>Ethiopia<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/gab\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GAB<\/span>Gabon<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/gha\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GHA<\/span>Ghana<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/gin\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GIN<\/span>Guinea<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/gmb\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GMB<\/span>Gambia<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/gnb\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GNB<\/span>Guinea-Bissau<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/gnq\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GNQ<\/span>Equatorial Guinea<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/ken\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">KEN<\/span>Kenya<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/lbr\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">LBR<\/span>Liberia<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/lby\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">LBY<\/span>Libya<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/lso\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">LSO<\/span>Lesotho<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/mar\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">MAR<\/span>Morocco<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/mdg\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">MDG<\/span>Madagascar<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/mli\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">MLI<\/span>Mali<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/moz\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">MOZ<\/span>Mozambique<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/mrt\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">MRT<\/span>Mauritania<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/mus\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">MUS<\/span>Mauritius<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/mwi\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">MWI<\/span>Malawi<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/nam\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">NAM<\/span>Namibia<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/ner\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">NER<\/span>Niger<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/countries\/\">+ 18 more, all country profiles<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nx-grix-foot\">Every country profile carries the source and licence of each value. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/contribute\/\">Correct a value or reply<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Hazard domains <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">NHS-1<\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"nx-grix-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/soc\/\">Society, conflict and economy<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000147<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Geodata and API <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">open<\/span><\/h3><p class=\"nx-grix-m\">Open layers on an equal-area hexagon grid, shown as densities per km\u00b2 or as symbols: <span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">People \u00b7 GHSL 2025<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">People \u00b7 WorldPop 2025<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Built-up area<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Ports<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Airports<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Roads<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Railways<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Rivers and lake centrelines<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-grix-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/observatory\/\">Risk Observatory map<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">open<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-grix-m\"><code class=\"nx-grix-code\">\/api\/v1\/public\/grix<\/code> \u00b7 <code class=\"nx-grix-code\">https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/{uni}<\/code><br><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/developers\/\">Developers<\/a> \u00b7 Data \u00b7 Made with Natural Earth, Public domain; GHSL and WorldPop, CC BY 4.0<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-grix-note\">Snapshot of the Index registries pinned 2026-10-23 \u00b7 22c6eed. Research and risk-analytics information: not a rating, an official classification, a warning, a benchmark or advice.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-globalriskforum-com-policy-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-globalriskforum-com-policy-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-globalriskforum-com-policy-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/the-nexus-cycle\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> The cycle<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/governance-policy\/public-policy\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk-informed public policy<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/political-and-governance-risk-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Political and governance risk standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><nav class=\"nx-deeper nx-hubs\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-globalriskforum-com-policy-hubs-h\" data-nx-hubs=\"6\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-globalriskforum-com-policy-hubs-h\">The same subject across the Consortium<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Science:<\/span> Society and Human Development<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Governance, Security and Society<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/health-society\/human-development\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Learn:<\/span> Human development, poverty and inequality<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/sr-06\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Index:<\/span> Displacement and demographic change series<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/areas\/human-development\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Reports:<\/span> Society and Human Development in Reports<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/fields\/society\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Field:<\/span> Society and human development<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-22\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Policy Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-22\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a governance question to the Forum.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/write-to-us\/session-proposal\/\">Propose a dialogue <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-legal-23\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Legal<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-legal-23\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Legal documents.<\/h2><details class=\"nx-mt-3\"><summary class=\"nx-link\">Show all 18 legal documents<\/summary><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Legal documents\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/terms\/\">Platform Terms of Use <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/privacy\/\">Platform Privacy Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/cookies\/\">Platform Cookie and Storage Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/legal-notice\/\">Legal Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/acceptable-use\/\">Acceptable Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/participation-terms\/\">Participation and Events Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/contribution-terms\/\">Contribution Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/research-and-data-terms\/\">Research and Data Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/ai-use\/\">AI-use Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/intellectual-property\/\">Intellectual Property and Licensing <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/trademark-policy\/\">Trademark and Name Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/disclaimer\/\">Disclaimers and Data Notices <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/corrections\/\">Corrections and Right of Reply Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/complaints-and-integrity\/\">Complaints and integrity reporting <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/security\/\">Security and responsible disclosure <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/code-of-conduct\/\">Code of Conduct <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/trust\/accessibility\/\">Accessibility Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/third-party-notices\/\">Third-party notices and attributions <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><\/details><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Maps, data and figures on this site are shown for context and general information. 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