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class=\"nx-theme-toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Appearance of this page\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"light\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Light<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"dark\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Dark<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"auto\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Auto<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-folio\" aria-label=\"Document reference\"><strong>R02 \u00b7 INDEX \u00b7 topics<\/strong>GRF dossier \u00b7 service level R0<\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-grid\"><div class=\"nx-hero-text\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GRF<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Innovation Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Established<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-accent-row\"><span class=\"nx-accent-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span>Innovation Nexus \u00b7 Topics<\/span><\/div><h1 id=\"nx-title-1\" class=\"nx-hero-title\">Topics<\/h1><p class=\"nx-tagline\">Topics at Innovation Nexus: the pages in this section are listed below, each with its own scope and status.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/responsible-innovation\/\">Open Responsible innovation <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/\">Back to Innovation Nexus<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\" data-variant=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Innovation Nexus<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/responsible-innovation\/\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Responsible innovation<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/innovation-ecosystems\/\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Innovation ecosystems<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/technology-transfer\/\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Technology transfer<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/public-interest-innovation\/\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Public interest innovation<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/innovation-and-society\/\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Innovation and society<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/experimental-governance\/\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Experimental governance<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/regional-innovation-systems\/\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Regional innovation systems<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/frontier-technology-governance\/\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Frontier technology governance<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-register-foot\">GRF \u00b7 Established \u00b7 service level R0<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section> <nav class=\"nx-index-strip\" data-nx-spy=\"true\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><a href=\"#nx-sec-brief-answer\"><span>01<\/span>The short answer<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-about-this-section\"><span>02<\/span>Topics at Innovation Nexus<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\"><span>03<\/span>Terms used on this page<\/a><a href=\"#nx-s-5-sec\"><span>04<\/span>Pages in Topics<\/a><\/div><\/nav> <section id=\"nx-sec-brief-answer\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"project\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">In brief<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The short answer.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The Innovation Nexus topics are the eight subject dossiers of its field, among them responsible innovation, innovation ecosystems and technology transfer. Each dossier sets out how the risk develops, what is measured and in which units, the public sources and their licences, the methods, who decides and the limits of the evidence.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-about-this-section\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"supply\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">About this section<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Topics at Innovation Nexus.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">GRF convenes and governs programmes. It does not regulate, finance, procure or certify, and hosting or sponsorship confers no authority over findings.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-terms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"project\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Key terms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Terms used on this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Collingridge dilemma<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">The problem that a technology is easiest to shape before its effects are known and hardest to change once they are.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">GERD<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">Gross domestic expenditure on research and development, measured under the OECD Frascati Manual.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Absorptive capacity<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">A firm's or country's ability to recognise, assimilate and apply external knowledge.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Mission<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">A bold, measurable public goal with a deadline that guides a portfolio of research and innovation projects.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Digital divide<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">Gaps in access to and use of digital technologies between groups or places.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-5-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"supply\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Pages<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Pages in Topics.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cards\" data-cols=\"3\"><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/responsible-innovation\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Responsible innovation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Public purpose, safeguards and accountability.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/innovation-ecosystems\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Innovation ecosystems<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Researchers, builders and public institutions.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/technology-transfer\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Technology transfer<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Adoption conditions and capacity.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/public-interest-innovation\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Public interest innovation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Mission-oriented programmes and public benefit.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/innovation-and-society\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Innovation and society<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Inequality and social impacts.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/experimental-governance\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Experimental governance<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Sandboxes and evaluation without regulatory claims.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/regional-innovation-systems\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Regional innovation systems<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Regional capacity and technology diffusion.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/frontier-technology-governance\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Frontier technology governance<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Crossover with AI, biotech, quantum and robotics.<\/p><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-rel-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Related<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-rel-6\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Around Innovation Nexus.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/about\/\">Mandate, publisher and status <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/field\/\">Discipline and institutional issues <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/research\/\">Research and institutional knowledge <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/practice\/\">Professional practice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/dialogues\/\">Dialogues and cooperation <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/programmes\/\">Programmes and projects <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/\">Innovation Nexus home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/counterparts\/\">Counterparts across the Consortium <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/\">The Global Risks Forum home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/trust\/\">GRF governance and trust <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Innovation Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring your expertise to this field.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"mailto:contact@globalriskforum.com?subject=Innovation%20Nexus%3A%20Topics\">Write to the team <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"DefinedTermSet\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/#terms\",\"name\":\"Key terms: Topics\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/#webpage\"},\"hasDefinedTerm\":[{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Collingridge dilemma\",\"description\":\"The problem that a technology is easiest to shape before its effects are known and hardest to change once they are.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/#terms\"}},{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"GERD\",\"description\":\"Gross domestic expenditure on research and development, measured under the OECD Frascati Manual.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/#terms\"}},{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Absorptive capacity\",\"description\":\"A firm's or country's ability to recognise, assimilate and apply external knowledge.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/#terms\"}},{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Mission\",\"description\":\"A bold, measurable public goal with a deadline that guides a portfolio of research and innovation projects.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/#terms\"}},{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Digital divide\",\"description\":\"Gaps in access to and use of digital technologies between groups or places.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/#terms\"}}]}]}<\/script>\n\n<!-- nx-rev:8b6d522b1c7faf07 -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LightDarkAuto R02 \u00b7 INDEX \u00b7 topicsGRF dossier \u00b7 service level R0 GRF\u00b7Innovation Nexus\u00b7Established Innovation Nexus \u00b7 Topics Topics Topics at Innovation Nexus: the pages in this section are listed below, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/topics\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Topics&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":515,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17651","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17651","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17651"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17651\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17689,"href":"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17651\/revisions\/17689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/innovation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17651"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}