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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1jh0658.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"grf\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 Disaster and Crisis Governance<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Disaster and Crisis Governance<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Public and private institutional arrangements for crisis readiness, disaster governance and whole-of-society coordination. Disaster and Crisis Governance is an established platform of The Global Risks Forum.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/about\/\">Open Mandate, publisher and status <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/about\/\">About GRF<\/a><\/div><\/div><dl class=\"nx-scene-stats nx-es-stats\"><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">STEM methods<\/dt><dd>3<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Canonical methods this field applies<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topics<\/dt><dd>8<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Subject pages in the field<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Counterparts<\/dt><dd>12<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Platforms in shared fields across the network<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Report series<\/dt><dd>2<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Reports series it contributes to<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sequence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The order things happen in.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"timeline\"><div class=\"nx-hero-rail\"><ol class=\"nx-lv-rail\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/programmes\/\"><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-k\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-t\">Question<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-n\">National, regional or institutional priority<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/stem\/\"><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-k\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-t\">Evidence<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-n\">STEM foundation of the platform<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/foundry\/\"><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-k\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-t\">Build<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-n\">Foundry<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/community\/\"><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-k\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-t\">Organise<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-n\">Nexus ecosystem<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/universe\/\"><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-k\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-t\">Test<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-n\">Universe (independent site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/reports\/\"><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-k\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-t\">Publish<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-n\">Reports<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/trust\/\"><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-k\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-t\">Decide<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-n\">Competent authorities and institutions, through NXS-RLS (participants, agreements and handoffs)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/programmes\/\"><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-k\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-t\">Renew<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-rail-n\">Corrections and the next annual agenda<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-label=\"Cycle, Monitor, Topics, Policy scenarios\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Cycle, Monitor, Topics, Policy scenarios\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-cycle\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Cycle<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-3-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Monitor<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-4-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Topics<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-instrument\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Policy scenarios<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-cycle\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Cycle<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How work moves in this field.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">A question becomes evidence, a governed build, an organised community, a controlled test, a reviewed publication and, finally, a decision taken by the competent authority under its own rules.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cycle-lanes\"><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Question<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a><\/span> National, regional or institutional priority. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/programmes\/\">Question in Disaster and Crisis Governance<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Evidence<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> STEM foundation of the platform. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/stem\/\">Evidence in Disaster and Crisis Governance<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Build<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Foundry. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/foundry\/\">Build in Disaster and Crisis Governance<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Organise<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/organization\/architecture\/ii.-definitions\/i.-nexus-ecosystem\" data-tc=\"Nexus Ecosystem\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The whole of the institutions, pillars, systems and communities\">Nexus ecosystem<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/community\/\">Organise in Disaster and Crisis Governance<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Test<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Universe (independent site). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/universe\/\">Test in Disaster and Crisis Governance<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Publish<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a><\/span> Reports. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/reports\/\">Publish in Disaster and Crisis Governance<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"authority\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Decide<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Competent authority<\/span> Competent authorities and institutions, through <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s18\" data-tc=\"NXS-RLS\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Participants, agreements and handoffs\" data-ts=\"NRS-S18\">NXS-RLS<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/trust\/\">Decide in Disaster and Crisis Governance<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Renew<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Corrections and the next annual agenda. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/programmes\/\">Renew in Disaster and Crisis Governance<\/a><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Each step of the cycle in the pillar it runs in; the decision stays with the competent authority, outside the programme.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"authority\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Competent authority (outside the programme)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-3-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"systemic\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Monitor<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Multi-agency coordination board.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The screen a team would use to follow this field: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-crisisgov-coord\" data-cx=\"crisisgov.coord\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Multi-agency coordination board: illustrative console with example names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Multi-agency coordination board<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">National crisis centre \u00b7 Exercise EX-90<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure&#8217;s values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Coordination exercise<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GRF \u00b7 Disaster and Crisis Governance<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"4\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Who leads what<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-crisisgov-coord-t0\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-crisisgov-coord-t0\" aria-label=\"Who leads what\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Function<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Lead<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Support<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Mandate<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c4\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c4\">State<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-crisisgov-coord:r0-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Warning<\/td><td>Meteorological service<\/td><td>Civil protection<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Clear<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Active<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-crisisgov-coord:r0-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Evacuation<\/td><td>Municipality<\/td><td>Police<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Overlap<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Tasked<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-crisisgov-coord:r0-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Shelter<\/td><td>Social services<\/td><td>Volunteer society<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Clear<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Active<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-crisisgov-coord:r0-3\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\" aria-current=\"true\" data-cur=\"true\"><td>Public information<\/td><td>Crisis coordinator<\/td><td>All<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"not\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Gap<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Unassigned<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"2\" data-t=\"tl\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Exercise log<\/h4><\/div><\/div><ol class=\"nx-cx-tl\"><li data-s=\"ok\"><span class=\"nx-cx-tt\">09:00<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-tag\">STA<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-tx\">Exercise start<\/span><\/li><li data-s=\"alert\"><span class=\"nx-cx-tt\">09:<span class=\"nx-cx-n\">44<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-tag\">WRN<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-tx\">Red warning issued<\/span><\/li><li data-s=\"watch\"><span class=\"nx-cx-tt\">10:<span class=\"nx-cx-n\">35<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-tag\">GAP<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-tx\">Two agencies issue conflicting advice<\/span><\/li><li data-s=\"live\"><span class=\"nx-cx-tt\">11:00<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-tag\">FIX<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-tx\">Single spokesperson named<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"queue\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">After-action items<\/h4><\/div><\/div><ol class=\"nx-cx-q\"><li><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"not\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>AA-1<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-qb\"><span class=\"nx-cx-qt\">Assign public information lead in law<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-qm\">Policy owner<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-age\"><span class=\"nx-cx-n\">68<\/span> d<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>AA-2<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-qb\"><span class=\"nx-cx-qt\">Shared situation picture between agencies<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-qm\">Crisis centre<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-age\"><span class=\"nx-cx-n\">47<\/span> d<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Multi-agency coordination board: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for National crisis centre.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-4-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topics<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The questions this field works on.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cards\" data-cols=\"3\"><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/topics\/disaster-authority-and-mandates\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Disaster authority and mandates<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Competent authorities and legal roles.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/topics\/multi-agency-coordination\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Multi agency coordination<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Cross-institution cooperation under stress.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/topics\/early-warning-governance\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Early warning governance<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Responsibility for decisions and warnings.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/topics\/crisis-communications\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Crisis communications<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Public trust and accessible information.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/topics\/business-continuity-governance\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Business continuity governance<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Operator and public coordination.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/topics\/recovery-governance\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Recovery governance<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Reconstruction, funding and accountability.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/topics\/local-and-community-governance\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Local and community governance<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Community involvement and inclusion.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/topics\/simulation-and-after-action\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Simulation and after action<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Exercise governance and learning.<\/p><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Policy scenarios<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Compare instruments: rules, incentives and information.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Three families of instruments side by side against the baseline, each with its own lag and adoption speed, under the coverage and compliance you set; effect sizes are teaching values to replace with evidence. Scenario: named assumptions about the future, not a forecast. The map on this page shows The Caribbean; the model itself is not tied to a place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-disaster-crisis-governance-0\" data-nxi=\"policy\" data-nxi-id=\"policy\" data-nxi-z=\"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\" aria-label=\"Compare instruments: rules, incentives and information\"><div class=\"nx-in-body\"><div class=\"nx-in-main\"><div class=\"nx-in-tabs\" data-nxi-tabs=\"true\" aria-label=\"Views of the model\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"result\">Result<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"fan\">Uncertainty<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"tornado\">Sensitivity<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"loops\">Loops<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-stage\" id=\"nx-in-disaster-crisis-governance-0-stage\" data-nxi-stage=\"true\" data-view=\"result\"><svg class=\"nx-in-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Outcome by option\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-in-tip\" data-nxi-tip=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><div class=\"nx-in-bar\" data-nxi-bar=\"true\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Play over time\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-prev=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step back\">&#8249;<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-play=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Play<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-next=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step forward\">&#8250;<\/button><span class=\"nx-in-step\" data-nxi-step=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-side\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><div class=\"nx-in-ctl\" data-nxi-ctl=\"true\"><dl class=\"nx-in-pv\"><div><dt>Baseline trend of the outcome<\/dt><dd>2.0% a year<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coverage of the instrument<\/dt><dd>70%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Compliance<\/dt><dd>75%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Effect size, against the teaching value<\/dt><dd>100%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Years ahead<\/dt><dd>20 years<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readouts<\/p><dl class=\"nx-in-out\" data-nxi-out=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div><dt>Largest reduction at the horizon<\/dt><dd>Regulation<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Its reduction against the baseline<\/dt><dd>21%<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><details class=\"nx-in-more\"><summary>Numbers, methods and sources<\/summary><div class=\"nx-in-more-in\"><div class=\"nx-in-tblw\" data-nxi-table=\"true\"><table class=\"nx-in-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Regulation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Economic incentive<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Information and capacity<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">0<\/th><td>100.0<\/td><td>99.5<\/td><td>98.8<\/td><td>99.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">1<\/th><td>102.0<\/td><td>101.2<\/td><td>100.1<\/td><td>99.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2<\/th><td>104.0<\/td><td>102.5<\/td><td>101.1<\/td><td>99.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">3<\/th><td>106.1<\/td><td>103.5<\/td><td>101.6<\/td><td>100.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">4<\/th><td>108.2<\/td><td>103.7<\/td><td>101.8<\/td><td>100.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">5<\/th><td>110.4<\/td><td>103.2<\/td><td>101.7<\/td><td>102.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">6<\/th><td>112.6<\/td><td>102.0<\/td><td>101.6<\/td><td>103.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">7<\/th><td>114.9<\/td><td>100.4<\/td><td>101.6<\/td><td>105.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">8<\/th><td>117.2<\/td><td>99.2<\/td><td>102.1<\/td><td>108.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">9<\/th><td>119.5<\/td><td>98.6<\/td><td>102.9<\/td><td>110.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">10<\/th><td>121.9<\/td><td>98.9<\/td><td>104.2<\/td><td>112.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">11<\/th><td>124.3<\/td><td>99.7<\/td><td>105.7<\/td><td>114.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">12<\/th><td>126.8<\/td><td>101.1<\/td><td>107.4<\/td><td>116.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">13<\/th><td>129.4<\/td><td>102.7<\/td><td>109.4<\/td><td>119.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">14<\/th><td>131.9<\/td><td>104.5<\/td><td>111.4<\/td><td>121.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">15<\/th><td>134.6<\/td><td>106.5<\/td><td>113.5<\/td><td>124.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">16<\/th><td>137.3<\/td><td>108.5<\/td><td>115.7<\/td><td>126.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">17<\/th><td>140.0<\/td><td>110.7<\/td><td>118.0<\/td><td>129.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">18<\/th><td>142.8<\/td><td>112.9<\/td><td>120.4<\/td><td>131.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">19<\/th><td>145.7<\/td><td>115.1<\/td><td>122.8<\/td><td>134.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">20<\/th><td>148.6<\/td><td>117.4<\/td><td>125.2<\/td><td>136.9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-csv=\"true\" hidden>Download the numbers (CSV)<\/button><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>Tools of government <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Hood (1983), The Tools of Government, Macmillan<\/span><\/li><li>Carrots, sticks and sermons <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Bemelmans-Videc, Rist and Vedung (1998), Transaction<\/span><\/li><li>Diffusion of innovations <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Rogers (2003), Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press<\/span><\/li><li>Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333<\/span><\/li><li>One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Data<\/h4><p class=\"nx-p\">The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page&#8217;s map can draw:<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-src\"><li>Borders <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Cities <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">Compare instruments: rules, incentives and information. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: Tools of government (Hood (1983), The Tools of Government, Macmillan); Carrots, sticks and sermons (Bemelmans-Videc, Rist and Vedung (1998), Transaction); Diffusion of innovations (Rogers (2003), Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press).<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/foundry\/\">Disaster and Crisis Governance in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/universe\/\">Disaster and Crisis Governance in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/\">Hazards and Disaster Risk Reduction in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/reports\/\">Disaster and Crisis Governance in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/hazards-resilience\/\">Faculty of Hazards, Disasters and Resilience in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-label=\"Coverage, Implementation, Overview, Twin and cascade simulator\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Coverage, Implementation, Overview, Twin and cascade simulator\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-areas\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Coverage<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-instrument-2\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Implementation<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-overview\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Overview<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-twin\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-areas\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Coverage<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The areas of disaster and crisis this platform takes on.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Disaster and Crisis Governance studies how institutions hold authority and act together before, during and after a disaster or crisis: emergency law and mandates, coordination between agencies, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a>, public communication, continuity of services, recovery and the exercises that test them. Its pages set out how crisis governance holds or breaks, the records that show capacity, the methods that test it and the office holders who decide. Global Risks Forum convenes the dialogue; it is not an emergency service and does not direct any response.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"4\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m14.5 12.5-8 8a2.119 2.119 0 1 1-3-3l8-8\"\/><path d=\"m16 16 6-6\"\/><path d=\"m8 8 6-6\"\/><path d=\"m9 7 8 8\"\/><path d=\"m21 11-8-8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Authority and mandates<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Emergency legislation, declarations, delegated powers and the limits and review of exceptional authority.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect x=\"16\" y=\"16\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"2\" y=\"16\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"9\" y=\"2\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><path d=\"M5 16v-3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h12a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v3\"\/><path d=\"M12 12V8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Multi-agency coordination<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Incident command, coordination centres, the humanitarian cluster system and the links between civil, military and voluntary actors.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M19.07 4.93A10 10 0 0 0 6.99 3.34\"\/><path d=\"M4 6h.01\"\/><path d=\"M2.29 9.62A10 10 0 1 0 21.31 8.35\"\/><path d=\"M16.24 7.76A6 6 0 1 0 8.23 16.67\"\/><path d=\"M12 18h.01\"\/><path d=\"M17.99 11.66A6 6 0 0 1 15.77 16.67\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2\"\/><path d=\"m13.41 10.59 5.66-5.66\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Early warning governance<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Who issues warnings, on what authority, through which channels, and who acts on them before an event.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12 2a3 3 0 0 0-3 3v7a3 3 0 0 0 6 0V5a3 3 0 0 0-3-3Z\"\/><path d=\"M19 10v2a7 7 0 0 1-14 0v-2\"\/><line x1=\"12\" x2=\"12\" y1=\"19\" y2=\"22\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Crisis communication<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Public warning and information in a crisis, trusted messengers, rumour management and accessible formats.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M20 13c0 5-3.5 7.5-7.66 8.95a1 1 0 0 1-.67-.01C7.5 20.5 4 18 4 13V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1c2 0 4.5-1.2 6.24-2.72a1.17 1.17 0 0 1 1.52 0C14.51 3.81 17 5 19 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1z\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Continuity<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Business and public service continuity, impact tolerances and the governance of essential services under disruption.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M6 22V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v18Z\"\/><path d=\"M6 12H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v6a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2\"\/><path d=\"M18 9h2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M10 6h4\"\/><path d=\"M10 10h4\"\/><path d=\"M10 14h4\"\/><path d=\"M10 18h4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Recovery governance<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Recovery authorities, damage assessment, reconstruction standards, finance and the principle of building back better.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M22 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Local and community roles<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Municipal emergency management, community organisations, volunteers and the resources that reach the local level.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"19\" cy=\"5\" r=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"5\" cy=\"19\" r=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M10.4 21.9a10 10 0 0 0 9.941-15.416\"\/><path d=\"M13.5 2.1a10 10 0 0 0-9.841 15.416\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Exercises and learning<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Simulation exercises, after-action reviews and the routines that turn lessons identified into lessons applied.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument-2\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Implementation<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">From mandate to evaluation, by pillar.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The steps an instrument takes from mandate to evaluation, each with the pillar that runs it, and the decisions that stay with the authority. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows The Caribbean; the model itself is not tied to a place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-disaster-crisis-governance-1\" aria-label=\"From mandate to evaluation, by pillar\"><ol class=\"nx-in-steps\"><li><strong>Mandate and problem framing<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Competent authority (outside the programme)<\/span><br>A competent authority frames the problem and the mandate under its own rules. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Howlett, Ramesh and Perl (2009)<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Evidence and system model<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Foundry<\/span><br>The system is modelled with its feedbacks, data and stated limits. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">OECD (2014), principle 2<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Options appraised with scenarios<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Foundry<\/span><br>Instruments are compared under scenarios, with uncertainty shown. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Hood (1983)<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Exercise with stakeholders<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Universe<\/span><br>The options are tested in an exercise with those who would implement and bear them. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">OECD (2014), principle 3<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Standard or guidance drafted<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Nexus Standards<\/span><br>What works is codified as a standard or guidance, open to comment. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Nexus Standards process<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Decision by the authority<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Competent authority (outside the programme)<\/span><br>The authority decides, outside the programme, with the evidence on record. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Howlett, Ramesh and Perl (2009)<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Capacity and training<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Risk Academy<\/span><br>Those who implement are trained on the decided instrument and its data. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Sendai Framework (2015), priority 2<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Monitoring and public report<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Reports<\/span><br>Indicators are published with sources, limits and corrections. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">OECD (2014), principle 5<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Evaluation and revision<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Nexus Standards<\/span><br>Results return to the standard and the model: the cycle closes. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Howlett, Ramesh and Perl (2009)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>Policy cycle <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Howlett, Ramesh and Perl (2009), Studying Public Policy, Oxford University Press<\/span><\/li><li>Governance of critical risks <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">OECD (2014), Recommendation of the Council on the Governance of Critical Risks<\/span><\/li><li>Layered drawing of directed graphs <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Sugiyama, Tagawa and Toda (1981), IEEE SMC 11<\/span><\/li><\/ol><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">From mandate to evaluation, by pillar: the steps as recorded, each with its pillar; sources as cited on each step.<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/foundry\/\">Disaster and Crisis Governance in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/universe\/\">Disaster and Crisis Governance in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/\">Hazards and Disaster Risk Reduction in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/reports\/\">Disaster and Crisis Governance in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/hazards-resilience\/\">Faculty of Hazards, Disasters and Resilience in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-overview\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Overview<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What Disaster and Crisis Governance does.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Disaster and crisis governance is the set of laws, mandates and arrangements through which institutions prepare for, respond to and recover from disasters and crises. Global Risks Forum&#8217;s platform compares emergency powers, coordination, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a>, communication, continuity, recovery and learning, and names who holds each decision. It is not an emergency service.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M22 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Who it serves<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Its community<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Crisis governance scholars; emergency leaders; public institutions; humanitarian policy experts.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M6 18h8\"\/><path d=\"M3 22h18\"\/><path d=\"M14 22a7 7 0 1 0 0-14h-1\"\/><path d=\"M9 14h2\"\/><path d=\"M9 12a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6h6v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2Z\"\/><path d=\"M12 6V3a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H9a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">How it works<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Its methods<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Institutional readiness review; coordination analysis; controlled exercise learning.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M15 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7Z\"\/><path d=\"M14 2v4a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4\"\/><path d=\"M10 9H8\"\/><path d=\"M16 13H8\"\/><path d=\"M16 17H8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What it produces<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Its outputs<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Crisis governance briefs; coordination exercises; recovery governance cases.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Exercise a cascade in Disaster and Crisis Governance with the people who decide.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/early-warning\/early-warning-and-anticipatory-action\/\">Early warning and anticipatory action<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and communities that carry the loss, the controls and institutions that dampen it and the data that observe it. Pick an initiating event and step through the cascade to see where mandates meet and which decisions fall to whom. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every weight is a stated assumption. An exercise for dialogue, not a forecast, an assessment or a position. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-home-R-P02\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h9\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.flood.ice-jam-flood\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Freshwater inundation\" data-td=\"River water backing up behind an ice blockage and flooding adjacent land, sometimes with ice and debris.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H9\" data-tr=\"draft\">Ice-jam flood<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\">Tropical cyclone<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">Heatwave<\/a><\/li><li>HIV epidemic<\/li><li>Storm surge (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Intense rainfall (set off downstream)<\/li><li>River flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Flash flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Dangerous surf (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Widespread power outage (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Mass displacement (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Coastal flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Extreme fire weather (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wildfire<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Heat-driven grid stress (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Agricultural drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Flash drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Snow drought (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/early-warning\/early-warning-and-anticipatory-action\/\">Early warning and anticipatory action<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\">Hydrometeorological hazard standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Mechanism<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/finance\/disaster-and-climate-risk-finance\/\">Disaster and climate risk finance<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Mechanism<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/information-integrity-and-trust\/\">Information integrity and trust<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Feedback<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/food-security-and-nutrition-risk\/\">Food security and nutrition risk<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Mechanism<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-10<\/code> Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NRS-C7<\/code> Early warning, triggers and anticipatory action<\/li><li><code>NRS-S9<\/code> System profile: <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s9\" data-tc=\"NXS-AAP\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Anticipatory action and triggers\" data-ts=\"NRS-S9\">NXS-AAP<\/a> (Anticipatory action and triggers)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H117<\/code> Hazard family: Social cohesion and atrocity risk (NHS-1 soc.cohesion)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H83<\/code> Hazard family: Health system capacity failure (NHS-1 health.system)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H98<\/code> Hazard family: Agentic AI acting at scale (NHS-1 tech.ai-agentic)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H22<\/code> Hazard family: Solar-terrestrial storms (NHS-1 space.solar-storm)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>NWS API active alerts (CAP 1.2 as GeoJSON) (listed for reference)<\/li><li>GloFAS global flood forecasts and reanalysis (listed for reference)<\/li><li>ECMWF open data (IFS and AIFS real-time forecasts) (listed for reference)<\/li><li>CHIRPS quasi-global gridded precipitation (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Number of countries that have multi-hazard early warning systems<\/li><li>Number of countries that have multi-hazard monitoring and forecasting systems<\/li><li>Number of people per 100,000 covered by early warning information through local governments or national dissemination mechanisms<\/li><li>Number of countries with accessible, understandable, usable and relevant disaster risk information and assessment<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Southeast Asia: 51 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface air temperature, daytime (AIRS), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-label=\"The problem, Risk and response, What the platform does, Instruments and commitments\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"The problem, Risk and response, What the platform does, Instruments and commitments\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-the-problem\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">The problem<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-nexus\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Risk and response<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-what-the-platform-does\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">What the platform does<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Instruments and commitments<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-the-problem\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The problem<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Disasters test institutions as much as infrastructure.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Hazards become disasters when they meet exposed people and assets and institutions that cannot act in time. Many of the worst outcomes in past disasters came from unclear authority, poor coordination and slow decisions rather than from a lack of knowledge about the hazard.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Disaster risk is governed through a dense web of institutions: national disaster management agencies, line ministries, local governments, emergency services, infrastructure operators, humanitarian organisations, businesses and community groups. Each has its own mandate, budget and chain of command. In normal times they work separately. In a major disaster they must act together, quickly and under uncertainty, often while their own staff and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> are affected.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Modern crises rarely respect institutional boundaries. A storm can cut power, flood hospitals, close ports and disrupt telecommunications at once; a pandemic can strain health systems, supply chains, schools and public finances together; a cyber attack can halt services that several agencies depend on. Each of these demands decisions that cross sectors and levels of government, and each exposes gaps where no one has clear authority.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Governance failures cascade. When a warning is issued without a clear decision on evacuation, people stay; when agencies use incompatible information systems, resources are duplicated in one place and absent in another; when recovery funding arrives without accountability, rebuilding recreates the same risks. Strengthening governance means clarifying mandates, rehearsing coordination, communicating in ways people trust and learning honestly after each event.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Why now: the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> (2015 to 2030) enters its final years, the UN Early Warnings for All initiative aims at universal coverage by 2027, and compound events keep testing coordination between agencies. The platform is designed to convene the institutions that hold crisis duties, run coordination exercises in Universe with independent evaluation, and feed reviewed after-action findings to the Scenario and Stress-Test series of Reports.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nexus\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-variant=\"stack\" data-nx-duo=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-nexus-h\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Risk and response<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-nexus-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Coupled risk, applied response.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-nduo-lede\" data-lede=\"The sectors a policy on {s} has to coordinate: a choice in one ministry lands in the others.\">The sectors a policy on <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h9\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.flood.pluvial\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Freshwater inundation\" data-td=\"Water ponding and running over land where intense rain exceeds the capacity of the ground and the drains, away from any river.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H9\" data-tr=\"draft\">urban flood<\/a> has to coordinate: a choice in one ministry lands in the others.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-nduo\" data-active=\"sig\" data-compose=\"pair\"><div class=\"nx-nduo-seg\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Show\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-nduo=\"sig\" aria-pressed=\"true\">A \u00b7 Risk<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-nduo=\"phex\" aria-pressed=\"false\">B \u00b7 Response<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-ctx\"><p class=\"nx-nduo-ctxk\">Choose a context<\/p><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-pair\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-nduo-fig\" data-nx-sig=\"WEIH\" data-sig-ctx=\"urban-flood\" data-sig-name=\"Urban flood\" data-sig-line=\"Flooded streets take out substations, pumping stations and clinic access together; drinking water fails when power does.\" data-sig-inst=\"The Global Risks Forum\" data-nduo-pane=\"sig\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span><b class=\"nx-nduo-ab\">A<\/b>Coupled risk across six sectors<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">6 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Energy, Infrastructure and Health selected, 6 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.46. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-phex-apply nx-nsig-load\"><p class=\"nx-phex-aphd\"><span>Sectors \u00b7 <b class=\"nx-phex-apn\">Urban flood<\/b><\/span><span>Stress<\/span><\/p><ol class=\"nx-phex-aps\"><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"0\" data-key=\"W\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">W<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Water<\/b> first hit, then depends on infrastructure for pipes, dams and treatment works<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"9\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.86<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"1\" data-key=\"E\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">E<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Energy<\/b> depends on water for cooling water and hydropower<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"4\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.37<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"2\" data-key=\"I\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">I<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Infrastructure<\/b> first hit, then depends on energy for power for transport and telecoms<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.83<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap\" data-k=\"3\" data-key=\"F\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">F<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Food<\/b> outside this context<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">\u2013<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"4\" data-key=\"H\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">H<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Health<\/b> depends on water for drinking water and sanitation<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"4\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.41<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap\" data-k=\"5\" data-key=\"B\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">B<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Biodiversity<\/b> outside this context<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">\u2013<\/span><\/button><\/li><\/ol><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Illustrative: a teaching cascade over teaching values, not measurements.<\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nx-nduo-bridge\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-nduo-bridge-l\">applied to<\/span><span class=\"nx-nduo-bridge-a\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-phex nx-nduo-fig\" data-nx-phex=\"01235\" data-phex-ctx=\"whole\" data-phex=\"{&quot;S&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;L&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Experiments&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Turns open questions into designed experiments&quot;,&quot;Prototypes new methods, data pipelines and tools&quot;,&quot;Records failures and limits alongside results&quot;,&quot;Hands reproducible prototypes to the Foundry&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;F&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Builds&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/nexus-cycle\/build\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Builds the cycle's software, data and environments&quot;,&quot;Simulates scenarios and runs benchmarks&quot;,&quot;Monitors hazards, systems and evidence&quot;,&quot;Develops and tracks the National Portfolio&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;U&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Convenes and tests&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/nexus-universe\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/universe.nexus\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Sets the annual mandate and admits missions&quot;,&quot;Runs readiness, the controlled build and Action Week&quot;,&quot;Stands down temporary capacity and seals evidence&quot;,&quot;Reviews the year and renews the mandate&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;S&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Standards&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Nexus Standards&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Codify and correct&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Identifies every artefact with a UNI&quot;,&quot;Routes work to the standards that apply&quot;,&quot;Validates and monitors conformance evidence&quot;,&quot;Takes cycle findings as change proposals&quot;,&quot;Records national adoption&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;R&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Publishes&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/nexus-cycle\/publish\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes four editions a year, with Q4 as the annual flagship&quot;,&quot;Maintains country and regional profiles&quot;,&quot;Publishes exponential technology streams&quot;,&quot;Records corrections and method changes&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;academy&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;A&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Academy&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Risk Academy&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Teaches&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes a course for every system, standard and programme role&quot;,&quot;Assesses learning on real cycle tasks&quot;,&quot;Issues microcredentials and achievements through accountable issuers&quot;,&quot;Feeds qualified people into the next cycle&quot;]}],&quot;H&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F01&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision case&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F02&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Core Build Report and go or no-go evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F03&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F04&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F05&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;National Portfolio movement for chapter 11&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F06&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Method and correction findings as change proposals&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F07&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Docket items that need a standard or a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F08&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Composed mission profiles and national adoption records&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F09&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each adopted standard or profile becomes a course module&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F10&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F11&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Qualified participants for the next cycle's roles&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F12&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F13&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Validation and monitoring evidence for conformance review&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F14&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a learning-by-doing course&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R1&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Applied in editions&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R2&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Taught in the open&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R3&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:0,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Questions become experiments&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R4&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:0,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Tested prototypes are built&quot;}],&quot;PH&quot;:[[&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;Planning&quot;],[&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;Readiness preparation&quot;],[&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;Controlled build&quot;],[&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;Closeout&quot;],[&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;After-action review&quot;],[&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;Correction&quot;],[&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;Docket review&quot;],[&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;Renewal&quot;]],&quot;L&quot;:[[1,3],[1,2],[2,5],[2,4],[1,5,2],[1,4,3],[1,4,2],[1,2,3],[2,3,5],[1,5,2,3],[1,4,2,3],[1,3,5,2],[1,2,4,3],[2,4,3,5],[1,5,2,4,3],[1,4,3,5,2],[0,1,2,3,4,5]],&quot;CTX&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;whole&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;The whole programme&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3,4,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year's feedback loops.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;practice&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;From prototype to practice&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;A Labs prototype is built in the Foundry, tested in a Universe mission and codified as a standard.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;build-test&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Build and test&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;The Foundry builds what a mission needs; Universe returns the go or no-go evidence.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;conformance&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Conformance&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Validation evidence goes to Standards for review; composed profiles come back for the next build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;correction&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;A finding becomes a correction&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,4,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Observations are published, a method finding becomes a change proposal, the corrected profile returns to the build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mandate&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Setting the next mandate&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,4],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;After-action findings go into the editions; the Q4 synthesis informs next year's mandate.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;people&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;People for the next cycle&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence; qualified participants take roles in the next cycle.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;learning&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Learning by doing&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a course; learners join missions, and missions return to the Foundry.&quot;}],&quot;AP&quot;:{&quot;urban-flood&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;warn30&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;30%&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;less damage with 24 hours' warning of a storm or heatwave&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;With 24 hours' warning of a coming storm or heatwave&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Flood-depth nowcast from rain gauges and terrain&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Warning lead time&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;30%&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;City twin links substations, pumps and clinics to flood depth&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Lifelines modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Exercise: keep water and power running through a 1-in-100 flood&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours to restore&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared asset records so utilities exchange outage data&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Agencies sharing records&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;City flood profile of exposed lifelines&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Assets profiled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;I&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for utility and emergency operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators 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in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Inflow forecasts and sediment models for the reservoir&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Forecast skill&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Basin twin trades power, flood storage and river flows&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Release options tested&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Release-rule exercise with operators and downstream users&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Users at the table&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Common records for releases, flows and fish passage&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Flow records shared&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Basin profile: storage, output and river health&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Basin indicators&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course on multi-purpose reservoir operation&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Hydropower reservoir&quot;},&quot;drought&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[null,{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;adapt71&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;net benefits&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;From $1.8T invested in five adaptation areas from 2020 to 2030, water management among them&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;adapt71&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;net benefits&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;From $1.8T invested in five adaptation areas from 2020 to 2030, water management among them&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Drought index from rainfall, soil moisture and river flow&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Lead time to trigger&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Allocation model for irrigation, cooling and drinking water&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Demand met in drought&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Early-action exercise with water and agriculture ministries&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days from trigger to action&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Trigger thresholds and records agencies can share&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Triggers adopted&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Seasonal drought outlook and food-price signals&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Outlooks issued&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for basin and food-security officers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Officers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WFB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Drought&quot;},&quot;heatwave&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[null,null,{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;heat&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;deaths avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Estimated after Ahmedabad's heat action plan, the first in South Asia&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Hess et al., J. Environ. Public Health, 2018&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7973519&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;heat&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;deaths avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Estimated after Ahmedabad's heat action plan, the first in South Asia&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Hess et al., J. Environ. Public Health, 2018&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7973519&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Heat-health thresholds from temperature and admissions&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Threshold accuracy&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;H&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Grid peak and river temperature model for the heat season&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Peak hours foreseen&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Heat action plan exercise with health and grid operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Alert-to-action hours&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared heat-alert levels and response records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Agencies on one 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2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Cascade model of what fails when the grid does&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Dependencies mapped&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Twin of backup fuel, water treatment and cold chains&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours of autonomy&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Black-start exercise across utilities and hospitals&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours to restore&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Interdependency records shared by operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators sharing&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Lifeline resilience profile&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Outage hours a year&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course on interdependent infrastructure&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Grid blackout&quot;},&quot;pandemic&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;ghrf&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;expected losses a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Expected annual cost of pandemics, against about $4.5B a year to prepare&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/21891&quot;},null,null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;ghrf&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;expected losses a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Expected annual cost of pandemics, against about $4.5B a year to prepare&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/21891&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Workforce-absence scenarios for essential services&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Scenarios tested&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Continuity board for clinics, grid and logistics&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Services 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Assessment report on pollinators, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/assessment-reports\/pollinators&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Maps of pollinators and the yields that depend on them&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Area mapped&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Yield and diet-quality model by crop&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Crops modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Landscape mission with farmers and conservation agencies&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hectares in the mission&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Common biodiversity monitoring records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Sites reporting&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;B&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Nature and nutrition profile&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Indicators tracked&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FHB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course on nature-dependent farming&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Advisers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Pollinator decline&quot;},&quot;storm-surge&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;mangrove&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$80B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;flood losses avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Coastal flood losses that mangroves already prevent worldwide&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Surge model with mangrove and dune buffers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Coast modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$80B&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Coastal twin of ports, substations and water intakes&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Assets in the twin&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Evacuation and port-recovery exercise&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days to reopen port&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared records for coastal assets and defences&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Defences recorded&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Coastal risk profile, built and natural defences&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Coast profiled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for port and coastal managers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Managers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Coastal storm surge&quot;}}}\" data-phex-applied=\"urban-flood\" data-nduo-pane=\"phex\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span><b class=\"nx-nduo-ab\">B<\/b>Applied response across six pillars<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">11 \/ 18 handoffs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"The six pillars of the Consortium's programme: 11 of 18 handoffs in play, 8 feedback loops closed.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-phex-apply\"><p class=\"nx-phex-aphd\"><span>Pillars \u00b7 <b class=\"nx-phex-apn\">Urban flood<\/b><\/span><span>KPI<\/span><\/p><ol class=\"nx-phex-aps\"><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"0\" data-sec=\"WI\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">L<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Labs<\/b> Flood-depth nowcast from rain gauges and terrain<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Warning lead time <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><em class=\"nx-phex-bench\">30%<\/em><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"1\" data-sec=\"WEIH\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">F<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Foundry<\/b> City twin links substations, pumps and clinics to flood depth<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Lifelines modelled <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"2\" data-sec=\"WEH\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">U<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Universe<\/b> Exercise: keep water and power running through a 1-in-100 flood<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Hours to restore <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"lower is better\">\u2193<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"3\" data-sec=\"WEI\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">S<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Standards<\/b> Shared asset records so utilities exchange outage data<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Agencies sharing records <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap\" data-k=\"4\" data-sec=\"I\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">R<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Reports<\/b> City flood profile of exposed lifelines<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Assets profiled <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><em class=\"nx-phex-bench\">$390B<\/em><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"5\" data-sec=\"WEH\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">A<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Academy<\/b> Course for utility and emergency operators<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Operators qualified <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><\/ol><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Illustrative applications; the values are published benchmarks, cited in the readout.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><p class=\"nx-nduo-legend\"><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k1\"><\/i>In this context<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k2\"><\/i>Dependence or handoff, heavier is stronger<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k3\"><\/i>Outside this context<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-nduo-tlw\" data-phex-for=\"nx-sec-nexus-phex\"><div class=\"nx-phex-phase nx-nduo-tl\" data-phex-tl=\"true\" hidden><p class=\"nx-phex-phh\"><span class=\"nx-phex-phk\">Programme year<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-pn\">All phases<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-phex-steps\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Phases of the programme year\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"play\">Play the year<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"allph\">All phases<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-read\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\" data-for=\"sig\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Context<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Urban flood<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Flooded streets take out substations, pumping stations and clinic access together; drinking water fails when power does.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span>E<\/span> \u00b7 <span>I<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>H<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">B<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Risk<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>4<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.46<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"nx-nduo-live\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">Hover a corner, a line or a row to trace it across both sides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy brief<\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\" data-for=\"phex\"><div class=\"nx-phex-rhead\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Route<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Applied to urban flood<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\"><\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code nx-phex-rhead\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>L<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>U<\/span> \u00b7 <span>S<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">R<\/span> \u00b7 <span>A<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Response<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Pillars<\/dt><dd><strong>5<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Handoffs<\/dt><dd><strong>11<\/strong> <small>of 18<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Loops<\/dt><dd><strong>8<\/strong> <small>closed<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Expected value<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nduo-vals\"><div><dt>What is at stake<\/dt><dd><strong>$390B<\/strong><span>a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries<\/span><small><a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">World Bank, Lifelines, 2019<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Return on resilience<\/dt><dd><strong>4 : 1<\/strong><span>benefit to cost<\/span><small><a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">World Bank, Lifelines, 2019<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Avoided loss<\/dt><dd><strong>30%<\/strong><span>less damage with 24 hours&#8217; warning of a storm or <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">heatwave<\/a><\/span><small><a href=\"https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">Hover a pillar, a line or a row to read how it is applied.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" data-phex-acts=\"true\" data-phex-acts-off=\"true\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"all\">Whole ring<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-phex-act=\"copy\">Copy route<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-note\">A: a teaching cascade (shock 0.6, gain 0.35, four rounds) over teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements. B: illustrative applications and the KPI each pillar answers for; values are published benchmarks, cited, not forecasts. Open events: NASA EONET, live.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-what-the-platform-does\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the platform does<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Convening the people who govern crises.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The platform brings evidence and practitioners together so that institutions can examine their arrangements before a crisis tests them.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><line x1=\"3\" x2=\"21\" y1=\"22\" y2=\"22\"\/><line x1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\"\/><line x1=\"10\" x2=\"10\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\"\/><line x1=\"14\" x2=\"14\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\"\/><line x1=\"18\" x2=\"18\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\"\/><polygon points=\"12 2 20 7 4 7\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readiness review<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Institutional arrangements<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Structured dialogue on mandates, decision rights and coordination arrangements, drawing on evidence from past events and research.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect x=\"16\" y=\"16\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"2\" y=\"16\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"9\" y=\"2\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><path d=\"M5 16v-3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h12a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v3\"\/><path d=\"M12 12V8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Coordination analysis<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">How agencies work together<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Examination of how information, resources and authority flow between institutions, and where they stall.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 12h-2.48a2 2 0 0 0-1.93 1.46l-2.35 8.36a.25.25 0 0 1-.48 0L9.24 2.18a.25.25 0 0 0-.48 0l-2.35 8.36A2 2 0 0 1 4.49 12H2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Exercise learning<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Controlled exercises<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Design and review of governance exercises, with after-action learning shared at a public-safe level.<\/p><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">GRF convenes and governs programmes. It does not regulate, finance, procure or certify, and hosting or sponsorship confers no authority over findings. The Consortium is not an emergency service. In an emergency, follow the instructions of your local authorities and emergency services.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"systemic\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Instruments and commitments<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How Disaster and Crisis Governance is governed: instruments, mandates and commitments.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The instruments, mandates, actors and accountability arrangements a policymaker, diplomat or development agency works with, citing the agreements that set them. Structures follow the frameworks named. Any state or progress drawn is illustrative, not a record.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"governance\" data-au-n=\"2\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"mandate-timeline\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Mandates and agreements over time<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">The agreements that set mandates and commitments on Disaster and Crisis Governance, from adoption to their current horizon.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-au-tl\"><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">2015<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-tl-t\">Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">UNDRR<\/span><\/li><li data-au-now=\"latest\"><span class=\"nx-au-k\">2015<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-tl-t\">2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">United Nations<\/span><\/li><li data-au-now=\"horizon\"><span class=\"nx-au-k\">2030<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-tl-t\">Horizon of the 2030 Agenda and the Sendai Framework<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">United Nations<\/span><\/li><\/ol><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Adoption years of the agreements named; the texts and their bodies are the authority. Chosen from the page&#8217;s fields.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"implementation-tracker\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Implementation by country<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">How a commitment on Disaster and Crisis Governance is traced from adoption to review, country by country.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Country (example)<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Commitment<\/th><th scope=\"col\">National instrument<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Budget line<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Indicator reported<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Review<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Country (example)\">Country A<\/td><td data-label=\"Commitment\"><span class=\"nx-au-dot\" data-s=\"ok\">In place<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"National instrument\"><span class=\"nx-au-dot\" data-s=\"ok\">In place<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Budget line\"><span class=\"nx-au-dot\" data-s=\"watch\">In preparation<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Indicator reported\"><span class=\"nx-au-dot\" data-s=\"watch\">In preparation<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Review\"><span class=\"nx-au-dot\" data-s=\"idle\">No record<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Country (example)\">Country B<\/td><td data-label=\"Commitment\"><span class=\"nx-au-dot\" data-s=\"ok\">In place<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"National instrument\"><span class=\"nx-au-dot\" data-s=\"watch\">In preparation<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Budget line\"><span class=\"nx-au-dot\" data-s=\"watch\">In preparation<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Indicator reported\"><span class=\"nx-au-dot\" data-s=\"idle\">No record<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Review\"><span class=\"nx-au-dot\" data-s=\"idle\">No record<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Country (example)\">Country C<\/td><td data-label=\"Commitment\"><span class=\"nx-au-dot\" data-s=\"watch\">In preparation<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"National instrument\"><span class=\"nx-au-dot\" data-s=\"idle\">No record<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Budget line\"><span class=\"nx-au-dot\" data-s=\"idle\">No record<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Indicator reported\"><span class=\"nx-au-dot\" data-s=\"idle\">No record<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Review\"><span class=\"nx-au-dot\" data-s=\"idle\">No record<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><dl class=\"nx-au-kv\"><div><dt>Commitment traced<\/dt><dd>Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Where states report<\/dt><dd>national reports to the body that holds the agreement<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Read with<\/dt><dd>the country&#8217;s own plan and its review record<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Illustrative states for example countries, not records of any country. A tracker shows a state only where a national report supports it.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction \u00b7 UNDRR<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Paris Agreement \u00b7 UNFCCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals \u00b7 United Nations<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">International Health Regulations \u00b7 WHO<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-4\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-label=\"Foundation and counterparts\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Foundation and counterparts\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-foundation-and-counterparts\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Foundation and counterparts<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-foundation-and-counterparts\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Foundation and counterparts<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Science and finance counterparts at the other institutions.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The platform applies <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/decision-analysis\/\">decision analysis under uncertainty<\/a>, policy, institutional and decision science and optimisation and operations research, listed on the platform STEM foundation. It draws on the Foundry <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s2\" data-tc=\"NXS-NST\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Civilian common operating picture\" data-ts=\"NRS-S2\">NXS-NST (civilian common operating picture)<\/a>, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s8\" data-tc=\"NXS-EWS\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Multi-hazard monitoring and warning\" data-ts=\"NRS-S8\">NXS-EWS (multi-hazard monitoring and warning)<\/a>, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s9\" data-tc=\"NXS-AAP\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Anticipatory action and triggers\" data-ts=\"NRS-S9\">NXS-AAP<\/a> and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s14\" data-tc=\"NXS-HUB\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Knowledge, records and learning\" data-ts=\"NRS-S14\">NXS-HUB (knowledge, records and learning)<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">The hazard and engineering science sits at The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), with <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/disaster-resilience\/\">Disaster Resilience and Recovery<\/a>, Climate and Hazards, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 critical-infrastructure\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Physical and digital assets, systems and networks whose disruption would seriously affect health, safety, security, economic welfare or the functioning of government. Criticality depends on what relies on them.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Critical Infrastructure<\/a>, Cybersecurity and Digital Resilience and Cities and Built Environment. Global Risks Alliance (GRA) builds shared financial-sector understanding of disaster costs at <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/disaster-risk-finance\/\">Disaster Risk Finance<\/a>, Reinsurance and Catastrophe, Public Finance and Sovereign Debt and Development Finance Nexus, without advising on or arranging any transaction. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/counterparts\/\">counterparts across the Consortium<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">A multi-agency crisis exercise is the platform&#8217;s theme in the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a> programme, which GRF governs, and its learning is designed to feed the Universe Annual Synthesis and the Evidence Brief series of Reports.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-geography\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">15<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Hazards now in the Caribbean.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Flood water, population density and active fires over the Caribbean, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"caribbean:disaster\" data-ml-points=\"on\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"disaster\" data-ml-plan=\"p-78487363\" data-ml-view=\"3d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:disaster\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.water.flood gibs.health.people gibs.energy.fires gibs.water.imerg gibs.energy.ntl gibs.water.true ev.eonet ev.usgs r.imerg f.ens f.flood r.goese gx.nhc gx.ems\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure compare export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-disaster\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-disaster\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"-85.5,10,-59,24\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Hazards now, the Caribbean: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"flood,people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">People and floods<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"flood||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Floods this week<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Population<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"fires||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Fires and flaring<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Hazards now, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"flood\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Flood water\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Flood water, 3-day composite<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS Global Flood Product \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"flood\">14 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"flood\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.flood\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS Global Flood Product (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"people\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Population density\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)\" data-wm-kind=\"Census-based estimate, static (2020)\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Population density, 2020<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University) Gridded Population of the World v4.11 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-wm-unit=\"people\/km\u00b2\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"people\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.people\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"fires\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"1\" data-wm-breaks=\"10,50,200\" data-wm-short=\"Fires and flares\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE FIRMS\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite detection; clouds and overpass timing leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Active fires and thermal anomalies<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE FIRMS VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"fires\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"MW\">Observed (clouds and overpass timing leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"fires\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.energy.fires\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds and overpass timing leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS) (NASA LANCE FIRMS)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE FIRMS<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite detection; clouds and overpass timing leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite hot-spot detections for the day shown, including gas flares and industrial heat; not a confirmed fire, an incident report or a warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"imerg\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"23\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Precipitation\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA GES DISC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite estimate, near real time\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Precipitation rate, daily mean<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA GES DISC GPM IMERG \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"imerg\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"imerg\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.imerg\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>GPM IMERG (NASA GES DISC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA GES DISC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite estimate, near real time<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite estimate, near real time. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"ntl\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.9\" data-wm-short=\"Night lights\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LAADS DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Night-time lights, daily<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LAADS DAAC VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ntl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"nW\/(cm\u00b2 sr)\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"ntl\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.energy.ntl\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) (NASA LAADS DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LAADS DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite night-time radiance for the date shown; lights are a proxy for electricity use and outages, not a measurement of supply or access.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"6\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" title=\"Layers\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2.5l-6.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5zm-6.5 6.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5m-13 2.8 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"tools\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" title=\"Expert tools\"><svg viewBox=\"0 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class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"reset\" aria-label=\"Reset the view\" title=\"Reset the view\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.2 8a4.8 4.8 0 1 0 1.5-3.5M3.2 2.6v2.6h2.6\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"full\" aria-label=\"Full screen\" title=\"Full screen\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M2.5 6l0-3.5 3.5 0m7.5 3.5 0-3.5-3.5 0m-7.5 7.5 0 3.5 3.5 0m7.5-3.5 0 3.5-3.5 0\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-menu\" id=\"nx-wm-menu\" role=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"inspect\">Inspect a point<kbd>I<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"measure\">Measure distance<kbd>M<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"compare\">Compare two dates<kbd>C<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Hazards now, framed on the Caribbean.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 U.S. Geological Survey \u00b7 NASA GPM IMERG Early<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"sedac.gpw-v4\">Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7927\/H49C6VHW\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.7927\/H49C6VHW<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.firms\">NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), VIIRS 375 m active fire product, NASA LANCE; vector tiles via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gpm.imerg\">GPM IMERG precipitation, NASA Precipitation Processing System; distributed by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.laads.black-marble\">VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Live: U.S. Geological Survey Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Live: NASA GPM IMERG Early. We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>River discharge forecast, 30 days with range (GloFAS via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Emergency Management Service information 2026; not a flood warning.<\/li><li>Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https:\/\/open-meteo.com\/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/).<\/li><li>Optional layers (20 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"flood\">14 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/li><li>Active fires and thermal anomalies: VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS), NASA LANCE FIRMS \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"fires\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Precipitation rate, daily mean: GPM IMERG, NASA GES DISC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"imerg\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ntl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-5\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-label=\"Grounding, Six pillars, Frameworks, Consortium\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Grounding, Six pillars, Frameworks, Consortium\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-grounding\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Grounding<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pillars\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Six pillars<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-frameworks\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Frameworks<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-consortium\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Consortium<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-grounding\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">16<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Grounding<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Built on named science, technology, engineering and mathematics.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Every claim on Disaster and Crisis Governance rests on methods with a canonical page in the STEM Commons, so readers can see what a finding depends on and where its limits lie.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Decision analysis under uncertainty<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Policy, institutional and decision science<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Optimisation and operations research<\/span><\/div><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-3\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/stem\/\">See the STEM foundation of Disaster and Crisis Governance<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pillars\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"systemic\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-16\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">17<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Six pillars<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How this works across the six pillars.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Disaster and Crisis Governance works through six pillars of one annual programme, led by the Nexus Consortium, with GCRI, GRF and GRA each contributing in its role: explore, experiment and prototype in <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/labs\" data-tc=\"Labs\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The research pillar of the programme, one of six (OR-11, OR-12)\">Labs<\/a>, build, simulate and prepare in Foundry, convene and test in Universe, codify, correct and apply in <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>, publish in every format in Reports, teach in the open in Risk Academy.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-pl-ring nx-canvas-wrap\" data-pl-hex=\"true\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-phex\" data-nx-phex=\"012345\" data-phex-ctx=\"whole\" data-phex=\"{&quot;S&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;L&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Experiments&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Turns open questions into designed experiments&quot;,&quot;Prototypes new methods, data pipelines and tools&quot;,&quot;Records failures and limits alongside results&quot;,&quot;Hands reproducible prototypes to the Foundry&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;F&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Builds&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/foundry\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Builds the cycle's software, data and environments&quot;,&quot;Simulates scenarios and runs benchmarks&quot;,&quot;Monitors hazards, systems and evidence&quot;,&quot;Develops and tracks the National Portfolio&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;U&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Convenes and tests&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/universe\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/universe.nexus\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Sets the annual mandate and admits missions&quot;,&quot;Runs readiness, the controlled build and Action Week&quot;,&quot;Stands down temporary capacity and seals evidence&quot;,&quot;Reviews the year and renews the mandate&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;S&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Standards&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Nexus Standards&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Codify and correct&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Identifies every artefact with a UNI&quot;,&quot;Routes work to the standards that apply&quot;,&quot;Validates and monitors conformance evidence&quot;,&quot;Takes cycle findings as change proposals&quot;,&quot;Records national adoption&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;R&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Publishes&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/reports\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes four editions a year, with Q4 as the annual flagship&quot;,&quot;Maintains country and regional profiles&quot;,&quot;Publishes exponential technology streams&quot;,&quot;Records corrections and method changes&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;academy&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;A&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Academy&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Risk Academy&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Teaches&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/hazards-resilience\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes a course for every system, standard and programme role&quot;,&quot;Assesses learning on real cycle tasks&quot;,&quot;Issues microcredentials and achievements through accountable issuers&quot;,&quot;Feeds qualified people into the next cycle&quot;]}],&quot;H&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F01&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision case&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F02&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Core Build Report and go or no-go evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F03&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F04&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F05&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;National Portfolio movement for chapter 11&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F06&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Method and correction findings as change proposals&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F07&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Docket items that need a standard or a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F08&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Composed mission profiles and national adoption records&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F09&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each adopted standard or profile becomes a course module&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F10&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F11&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Qualified participants for the next cycle's roles&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F12&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F13&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Validation and monitoring evidence for conformance review&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F14&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a learning-by-doing course&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R1&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Applied in editions&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R2&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Taught in the open&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R3&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:0,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Questions become experiments&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R4&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:0,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Tested prototypes are built&quot;}],&quot;PH&quot;:[[&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;Planning&quot;],[&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;Readiness preparation&quot;],[&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;Controlled build&quot;],[&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;Closeout&quot;],[&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;After-action review&quot;],[&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;Correction&quot;],[&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;Docket review&quot;],[&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;Renewal&quot;]],&quot;L&quot;:[[1,3],[1,2],[2,5],[2,4],[1,5,2],[1,4,3],[1,4,2],[1,2,3],[2,3,5],[1,5,2,3],[1,4,2,3],[1,3,5,2],[1,2,4,3],[2,4,3,5],[1,5,2,4,3],[1,4,3,5,2],[0,1,2,3,4,5]],&quot;CTX&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;whole&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;The whole programme&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3,4,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year's feedback loops.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;practice&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;From prototype to practice&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;A Labs prototype is built in the Foundry, tested in a Universe mission and codified as a standard.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;build-test&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Build and test&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;The Foundry builds what a mission needs; Universe returns the go or no-go evidence.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;conformance&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Conformance&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Validation evidence goes to Standards for review; composed profiles come back for the next build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;correction&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;A finding becomes a correction&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,4,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Observations are published, a method finding becomes a change proposal, the corrected profile returns to the build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mandate&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Setting the next mandate&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,4],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;After-action findings go into the editions; the Q4 synthesis informs next year's mandate.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;people&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;People for the next cycle&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence; qualified participants take roles in the next cycle.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;learning&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Learning by doing&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a course; learners join missions, and missions return to the Foundry.&quot;}]}\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-plate\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Routes through the programme\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span>Select pillars \u00b7 hover lines<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">18 \/ 18 handoffs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"The six pillars of the Consortium's programme: 18 of 18 handoffs in play, 17 feedback loops closed.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-phex-legend\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span><i class=\"nx-phex-k1\"><\/i>handoff in play<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-phex-k2\"><\/i>recorded handoff<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-phex-k3\"><\/i>no direct handoff<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-phex-phase\" hidden><p class=\"nx-phex-phh\"><span class=\"nx-phex-phk\">Programme year<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-pn\">All phases<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-phex-steps\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Phases of the programme year\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"play\">Play the year<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"allph\">All phases<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Route<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">The whole programme<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year&#8217;s feedback loops.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>L<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>U<\/span> \u00b7 <span>S<\/span> \u00b7 <span>R<\/span> \u00b7 <span>A<\/span><\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Pillars<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Handoffs<\/dt><dd><strong>18<\/strong> <small>of 18<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Loops<\/dt><dd><strong>17<\/strong> <small>closed<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><h3 class=\"nx-nsig-dh\">Handoffs in play<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-nsig-rel nx-phex-rel\"><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F01<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Universe \u2192 Foundry<\/b> \u00b7 Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision case<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">Readiness preparation<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F02<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Foundry \u2192 Universe<\/b> \u00b7 Core Build Report and go or no-go evidence<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">Controlled build<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F03<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Foundry \u2192 Reports<\/b> \u00b7 Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">Closeout<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F04<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Universe \u2192 Reports<\/b> \u00b7 After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">After-action review<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">and 14 more<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" data-phex-acts=\"true\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"all\">Whole ring<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-phex-act=\"copy\">Copy route<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">F01 to F14 are the recorded handoffs of the programme year, each with the artefact that moves and its phase; R1, R2, R3 and R4 carry work around the ring. A loop counts when every pillar on it is selected. Every pillar is led by the Nexus Consortium.<\/figcaption><\/figure><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Labs<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where questions become experiments and prototypes: new methods, data and tools are tried in the open, with their limits on record, before the Foundry builds them, under the Nexus Consortium.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Foundry<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where the evidence behind a mandate or commitment is built, with its owner and limits on record.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/foundry\/\">Disaster and Crisis Governance in Foundry<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Universe<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where mandates become missions: GRF records each gate, convenes the parties and keeps implementation accountable.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/universe\/\">Disaster and Crisis Governance in Universe<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">universe.nexus<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where shared rules are agreed in the open; each jurisdiction decides adoption, and no global body holds a veto.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/\">Hazards and Disaster Risk Reduction in Standards<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">nexustandards.com<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where governance analysis and the year&#8217;s results are published, so commitments can be followed and checked.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/reports\/\">Disaster and Crisis Governance in Reports<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Risk Academy<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where policymakers, diplomats and agency staff learn the programme roles and decision-making on the record, on Risk Academy.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/hazards-resilience\/\">Faculty of Hazards, Disasters and Resilience in Academy<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">risksacademy.com<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-frameworks\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-17\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">18<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Frameworks<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What the work is read against.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The platform does not set standards. It reads its evidence against the frameworks that competent bodies have adopted, so a finding can be placed where a decision-maker already works.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Framework or standard<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it sets<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a><\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Four priorities and seven global targets, including strengthening disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-governance\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The institutions, rules, processes and actors through which collective decisions about risk are made, implemented and reviewed.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk governance<\/a> and enhancing preparedness for effective response and to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 build-back-better\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Using recovery and reconstruction to increase resilience by integrating risk reduction into rebuilding.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">build back better<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Early Warnings for All initiative<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">UN Secretary-General, led by WMO and UNDRR with ITU and IFRC<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Four pillars of people-centred <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a>: risk knowledge, detection and forecasting, warning dissemination, and preparedness to respond<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/international-health-regulations-alignment\/\">International Health Regulations<\/a><\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">World Health Organization (WHO)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Binding obligations to detect, assess, notify and respond to public health events, including core capacities for emergencies<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">ISO 22301 Business continuity management systems<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">International Organization for Standardization<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Requirements for planning, operating and improving a business continuity management system<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">ISO 22320 Emergency management, guidelines for incident management<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">International Organization for Standardization<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Principles for command, coordination, cooperation and information in incident response<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Common Alerting Protocol (CAP)<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">OASIS, adopted as ITU-T Recommendation X.1303<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">A standard format for exchanging public warnings across systems and channels<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">INSARAG Guidelines<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">International Search and Rescue Advisory Group, UN OCHA<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Standards and coordination methodology for international urban search and rescue teams<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">IASC cluster approach and humanitarian system-wide scale-up protocols<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">Inter-Agency Standing Committee<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Lead agencies and coordination arrangements for humanitarian response by sector<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">OECD Recommendation on the Governance of Critical Risks<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Principles for whole-of-society risk governance, from anticipation to recovery<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-consortium\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-18\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">19<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Consortium<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-18\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The same field, seen three ways.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">GCRI studies a field as science, GRF governs it and GRA builds shared financial understanding of it. Disaster and Crisis Governance links to its counterparts so that work on one side is visible on the others.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><ul class=\"nx-dir\" data-cols=\"3\" aria-label=\"Platform\"><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Water Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Critical infrastructure<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Energy Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Critical infrastructure<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/climate-hazards\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Climate and Hazards<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Disaster and crisis<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/disaster-resilience\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Disaster Resilience and Recovery<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Disaster and crisis<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Critical Infrastructure<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Critical infrastructure<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/cities-built-environment\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Cities and Built Environment<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Critical infrastructure<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/cyber-digital-resilience\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Cybersecurity and Digital Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Critical infrastructure<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/development-finance-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Development Finance Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Critical infrastructure<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-6\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-label=\"Pages, Connected, Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Pages, Connected, Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-6-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-19-sec\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Pages<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-6-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-20-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Connected<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-6-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-21-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-s-19-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-19\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-6-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">20<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Pages<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-19\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Pages in Disaster and Crisis Governance.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cards\" data-cols=\"3\"><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/about\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Mandate, publisher and status<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/field\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Discipline and institutional issues<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/research\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Research and institutional knowledge<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/practice\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Professional practice<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/dialogues\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Dialogues and cooperation<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/programmes\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Programmes and projects<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/nexus-universe\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Annual programme contribution<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/community\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Specialist and institutional community<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/learning\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Leadership and skills<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/events\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Convenings and dialogues<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/publications\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Published findings<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/participate\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Participate<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Institutional contact<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/trust\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Transparency, rights and safeguards<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/stem\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">STEM foundation of Disaster and Crisis Governance<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/cycle\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">How work moves in this field<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/foundry\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Build in Foundry<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/universe\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Test in Universe<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/reports\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Publish in Reports<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/counterparts\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">The same field across the Consortium<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/topics\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Topics<\/h3><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-20-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"systemic\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-20\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-6-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">21<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-20\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/fields\/disaster\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Field gateway<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Disaster and crisis<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/fields\/infrastructure\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Field gateway<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Critical infrastructure<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-21-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-21\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-6-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">22<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-21\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>Who publishes Disaster and Crisis Governance?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The Global Risks Forum (GRF) publishes Disaster and Crisis Governance and is responsible for what it publishes. GRF convenes and governs programmes. It does not regulate, finance, procure or certify, and hosting or sponsorship confers no authority over findings.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is Disaster and Crisis Governance active?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Disaster and Crisis Governance is an established platform of The Global Risks Forum. Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can I contribute?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Start with <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/participate\/\">the participation paths<\/a> or write to the contact form. An enquiry receives a reference; it does not create membership, a role or an assignment.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Where are findings published?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Reviewed outputs appear on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/publications\/\">the publications page<\/a>, and contributions to the Reports series are listed on Publish in Reports.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which values on this platform are real?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Indicator names, units, sources, methods and frameworks are real. Levels in figures and canvases are examples in a design. A programme replaces them with labelled evidence it owns.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How do I report an error?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Use <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/trust\/corrections\/\">corrections and concerns<\/a>, or write to the integrity concern form. A correction is recorded as a new version, never a silent edit.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does the platform coordinate disaster response?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. Response is led by competent authorities and emergency services. The platform convenes dialogue and learning before and after crises. The Consortium is not an emergency service. In an emergency, follow the instructions of your local authorities and emergency services.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Who is the platform for?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Crisis governance scholars, emergency managers and leaders, public institutions at national and local level, infrastructure operators, humanitarian policy experts and community organisations.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Risks Forum<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Disaster and Crisis Governance<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Universe Annual Synthesis<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Evidence Brief<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GRF<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Global Risks Forum<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/grf\/disaster-crisis-governance#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scn-h-r-p02\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">How it works<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-scn-h-r-p02\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">How Disaster and Crisis Governance works.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-mt-2\">Choose a view and press Play to follow the platform&#8217;s process, its programme year, the standards it applies and how its findings are published. The outline shows how the work is designed to run, not the status of any decision.<\/p><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><div class=\"nx-pe\" id=\"nx-pe-r-p02\" data-nx-pe=\"nx-pe-r-p02\" data-active=\"platforms\"><div class=\"nx-pe-shell\"><p class=\"nx-pe-eb\">Disaster and Crisis Governance<\/p><h2 class=\"nx-pe-title\">How Disaster and Crisis Governance works<\/h2><p class=\"nx-pe-others\"><span aria-current=\"true\">Platforms<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Programme year<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Standards<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Reports<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-pe-cap\">A platform joins a field to named methods, labelled evidence and the outputs it publishes, without becoming the authority it serves.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pe-steps\"><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">01 Scope<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Field and families<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Start \u00b7 The platform lead<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The home states the field, its families and who it serves.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Topic dossiers<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 Platform authors<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Topics explain the subject with labelled evidence.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">02 Evidence<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Evidence labels<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Each value is labelled: observed, published statistics, estimated, modelled, scenario or unknown.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 Method owners<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Methods come from the STEM Commons, each with one canonical page.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">03 Work<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Scenarios on the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Model \u00b7 Foundry pillar<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Scenarios run on the Nexus systems, labelled as scenario.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Standards that apply<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The platform names the standards that apply. A validator report is evidence for review.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">04 Publish<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Editions<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Findings are published through Reports with their limits.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Authority decides<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Outcome \u00b7 The competent authority<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Decisions and execution stay with the government, operator or licensed institution.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-pe-foot\"><span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Disaster and Crisis Governance home<\/a> \u00b7 Platforms \u00b7 Shared methods<\/span><span>An outline of how the work is designed to run; it does not report the status of any decision or record.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" id=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance\" data-nx-takepart=\"GRF\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Take part<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-h\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Take part in Disaster and Crisis Governance.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-mt-2\">Start from who you are. Answer an open call. Or form and lead a competence cell on the Disaster and Crisis Governance platform.<\/p><div class=\"nx-mt-3\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"routes\"><div class=\"nx-tablist\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Ways to take part\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-tab-routes\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-panel-routes\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"routes\">Routes<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-tab-calls\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-panel-calls\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"calls\">Open calls<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-tab-cell\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-panel-cell\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"cell\">Cells and CERTs<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-tab-index\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-panel-index\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"index\">The Index<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-panel-routes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-tab-routes\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">National institutions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Ministries, statistics offices and agencies: a national desk and chapter, and a seat in the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/national-chapters\/\">National chapters<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Sectors and professions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Operators, regulators, banks, insurers and professional bodies whose work touches Disaster and Crisis Governance. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/participate\/\">Participate<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Learning<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Courses and practice, with a record of every course completed. Free to study. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/open-learning\/\">Open learning<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Standards<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Draft, review and adopt the methods and data standards with the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/working-groups\/\">Working groups<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Communities and research<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Universities, civil society and individual experts: projects, data and review. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/contact\/\">Write to the team<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-panel-calls\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-tab-calls\" hidden><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-nx-calls=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Open call<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Seeks<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Closes<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-15\"><td>Founding call for experts to the working groups <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-FOUNDING-EXPERTS<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor, chair<\/td><td>2026-12-15<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-01\"><td>Open nomination for the three independent expert seats of the Global Standards Council <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-GSC-IND<\/span><\/td><td>council-member<\/td><td>2026-12-01<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-15\"><td>Nominations of interim regional members (applies only if the transitional provision is decided) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-GSC-REG<\/span><\/td><td>council-member<\/td><td>2026-12-15<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Review of the wave-1 risk core outlines (C1, C2, C3, C4, C8, C10, C11) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-REVIEW-WAVE1<\/span><\/td><td>contributor<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Experts for the core standards of risk science: uncertainty and evidence grading, scales, structured expert judgement, tolerability, extremes and compound events, catastrophic and existential risk, ethics and equity, units and measurement (NRS-C17 to NRS-C24) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-CORE-SCIENCE<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor, chair<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-03-31\"><td>Independent reviewers for the families of the hazard atlas, three from at least two regions for each family (NHS2-R19), priority families first <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-ATLAS-REVIEW<\/span><\/td><td>expert<\/td><td>2027-03-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-11-30\"><td>Members of the interim Frontier Safety Review Panel and red-team reviewers (biosafety and biosecurity, AI safety and security, critical-infrastructure security); applications treated in confidence <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-FRONTIER-SAFETY-REVIEW<\/span><\/td><td>expert<\/td><td>2026-11-30<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Experts in ontology, metrology, software verification and conformity assessment for the requirement register, the NHS-2 machine representation, the conformance test suites and the conformity assessment scheme <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-CONFORMANCE-ONTOLOGY<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\">Calls past their closing date are hidden automatically. Every call, proposal and route: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/open-areas-and-calls\/\">open areas and calls<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-panel-cell\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-tab-cell\" hidden><div class=\"nx-panel-split\"><ol class=\"nx-terms\"><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Gather the cell<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Bring together three to seven people with complementary skills: data, field practice, policy and communication.<\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Register it<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Write to the team with the cell&#8217;s name, members, area and region. You receive a reference and a contact. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/disaster-crisis-governance\/contact\/\">Write to the team<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Choose a charter<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Pick one focus: research and evidence, data and maps, standards review, or community preparedness.<\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Learn together<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Follow shared study paths at Risk Academy, with practice and a record of every course completed. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/hazards-resilience\/\">Hazards and resilience<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Lead and report<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Hold regular sessions. Publish what the cell learns through Reports. Bring findings to the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/working-groups\/\">Working groups<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-callout nx-panel-aside\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-cert\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\" id=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-cert\">Specialise as a Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">A CERT prepares its neighbourhood for the hazards it faces. It builds a local hazard profile from this site&#8217;s map. It trains in household and street preparedness. It learns first aid and light search through recognised local providers, and it runs drills.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">A CERT works alongside the local emergency services and follows their direction. It never replaces them and is not an emergency service.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-panel-index\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-tab-index\" hidden><p class=\"nx-panel-lead\">What a national team or a local community can do on The Global Risks Index (<a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s6\" data-tc=\"NXS-GRX\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Canonical data, provenance and risk\" data-ts=\"NRS-S6\">NXS-GRX<\/a>) today.<\/p><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"4\"><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Your country&#8217;s profile<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Open risk profiles for 195 countries, with sources and licences on every value. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Correct or reply<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Correct a value or reply for your country. The change is logged with its effect. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Offer data<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Offer a dataset. It enters through the licence gate, with your credit. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Use the open data<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Layers, profiles and tiles through the open API. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" id=\"nx-grix-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-nx-grix=\"disaster:caribbean\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-grix-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The Global Risks Index<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-grix-riskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Every figure on this page is indexed: hazards, infrastructure, society, The Caribbean.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The Index is the Consortium&#8217;s indexing system for risk data. Every indicator, hazard, series and country profile carries its <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> identifier, its source and its licence, so what this page shows can be traced, corrected and reused.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix\"><ol class=\"nx-grix-rail\" aria-label=\"The data pipeline\"><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">01 \u00b7 Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">205 registered sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Every value keeps its source and licence; withheld values are counted.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/data\/\">Data and licences<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">02 \u00b7 Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">NIS-1 and NHS-1<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">451 indicators, 905 hazards; every record carries a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a>.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">03 \u00b7 The Index<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">54 series, 195 country profiles<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Computed on the standards; no value is published until an edition is released.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">The Global Risks Index<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">04 \u00b7 This page<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">Disaster and Crisis Governance<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Maps, figures and feeds read the Index in the context of hazards, infrastructure, society and The Caribbean.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/developers\/\">Public API<\/a><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nx-grix-kpis\"><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">205<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">registered, each with its licence<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">451<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">NIS-1, 106 composites, 20 domain indices<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">905<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">NHS-1, crosswalked to UNDRR-ISC HIPs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Series<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">54<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">global, sector, strategic, technology, thematic<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Country profiles<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">195<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">one site per country<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-grid\"><div class=\"nx-grix-col\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Series in this context <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">hazards, infrastructure, society<\/span><\/h3><ol class=\"nx-grix-ledger\"><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GS<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/gs-08\/\">Global Disaster<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">Multi-hazard exposure, disaster losses and mortality, return-period losses, protection gaps and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 coping-capacity\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The ability to use available skills and resources to manage an adverse event or condition in the short term. Coping draws down existing reserves and may erode future capacity if used repeatedly.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">coping capacity<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000066<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Hazards \u00b7 Crisis \u00b7 Infrastructure<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">TH<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/th-02\/\">Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">Hazard, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, preparedness, redundancy and recovery readings for planning and learning, aligned to the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> targets.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000109<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Hazards \u00b7 Crisis \u00b7 Infrastructure<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GLB<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/global\/\">Global Systems<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">The state of interdependent <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Nexus risk class: a risk whose hazard, consequences or causal chain crosses national borders and acts at continental or planetary scale, so that no single country can assess or manage it alone.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">global risk<\/a>: the twenty domain indices aggregated to the world, the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> (water, energy, food, health, biodiversity) and their couplings, the global tail register and the gap\u2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000002<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Hazards \u00b7 Society \u00b7 Infrastructure<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GS<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/gs-10\/\">Global Cities<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">Urban exposure, heat, flooding, informal settlement, service dependency and the economic weight of cities at risk.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000068<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Hazards \u00b7 Infrastructure \u00b7 Society<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-grix-foot\" data-nav=\"inline\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/\">All 54 series<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/indices\/\">The 20 domain indices<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-col nx-grix-side\"><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Country profiles <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">The Caribbean<\/span><\/h3><div class=\"nx-grix-chips\"><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/cub\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">CUB<\/span>Cuba<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hti\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">HTI<\/span>Haiti<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/dom\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">DOM<\/span>Dominican Republic<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/jam\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">JAM<\/span>Jamaica<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/bhs\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BHS<\/span>Bahamas<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/tto\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">TTO<\/span>Trinidad and Tobago<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/brb\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BRB<\/span>Barbados<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/lca\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">LCA<\/span>Saint Lucia<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/vct\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">VCT<\/span>Saint Vincent and the Grenadines<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/grd\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GRD<\/span>Grenada<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/dma\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">DMA<\/span>Dominica<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/atg\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">ATG<\/span>Antigua and Barbuda<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/kna\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">KNA<\/span>Saint Kitts and Nevis<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/countries\/\">all country profiles<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nx-grix-foot\">Every country profile carries the source and licence of each value. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/contribute\/\">Correct a value or reply<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Hazard domains <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">NHS-1<\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"nx-grix-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\">Atmosphere and weather<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000135<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\">Water systems<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000136<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\">Solid Earth<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000138<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Geodata and API <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">open<\/span><\/h3><p class=\"nx-grix-m\">Open layers on an equal-area hexagon grid, shown as densities per km\u00b2 or as symbols: <span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">People \u00b7 GHSL 2025<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">People \u00b7 WorldPop 2025<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Built-up area<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Ports<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Airports<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Roads<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Railways<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Rivers and lake centrelines<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-grix-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/observatory\/\">Risk Observatory map<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">open<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-grix-m\"><code class=\"nx-grix-code\">\/api\/v1\/public\/grix<\/code> \u00b7 <code class=\"nx-grix-code\">https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/{uni}<\/code><br><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/developers\/\">Developers<\/a> \u00b7 Data \u00b7 Made with Natural Earth, Public domain; GHSL and WorldPop, CC BY 4.0<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-grix-note\">Snapshot of the Index registries pinned 2026-10-23 \u00b7 22c6eed. Research and risk-analytics information: not a rating, an official classification, a warning, a benchmark or advice.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-globalriskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-globalriskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-globalriskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\/nxs-nst\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Nxs-nst<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/hazards-resilience\/preparedness-crisis-management\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Preparedness, emergency and crisis management<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Geophysical hazard standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><nav class=\"nx-deeper nx-hubs\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-globalriskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-hubs-h\" data-nx-hubs=\"6\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-globalriskforum-com-disaster-crisis-governance-hubs-h\">The same subject across the Consortium<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/disaster-resilience\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Science:<\/span> Disaster Resilience and Recovery<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/disaster-risk-finance\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Finance:<\/span> Disaster Risk Finance<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Hazards and Disaster Risk Reduction<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/hazards-resilience\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Learn:<\/span> Faculty of Hazards, Disasters and Resilience<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/gs-08\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Index:<\/span> Global Disaster series<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/areas\/disaster-resilience\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Reports:<\/span> Disaster Resilience and Recovery in Reports<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-22\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Disaster and Crisis Governance<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-22\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a governance question to the Forum.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. 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