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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1yq4d0k.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"grf\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 Diplomacy Nexus<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Humanitarian cooperation<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Humanitarian action depends on agreements that let help reach people: consent of the affected state, access across front lines and borders, customs and visa facilitation, protection of aid workers and exemptions from <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h60\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 sys.supply-chain.trade-restriction\" data-tk=\"Systemic and compound events \u00b7 Supply-chain and flow disruption\" data-td=\"Export bans, sanctions or embargoes that cut access to goods, energy or inputs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H60\" data-tr=\"draft\">sanctions<\/a>. These rest on international humanitarian law, the humanitarian principles and disaster law. This page sets out the institutional roles and safeguards that make cooperation possible in conflict and disaster, how access and protection are recorded, and what those negotiating access need from the evidence.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/diplomacy\/write-to-us\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/diplomacy\/topics\/\">Back to Topics<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"social\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Humanitarian cooperation on the record.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"fieldmap\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Dossier<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Diplomacy Nexus \u00b7 topic<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">4 mechanisms<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Field<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">hexagonal field plate<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">7<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">7<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-decisions\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Decision holders<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">4<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-methods\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">4<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-question\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The question<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Humanitarian cooperation: how the risk develops.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Humanitarian safeguards and institutional roles. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"2\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M20 13c0 5-3.5 7.5-7.66 8.95a1 1 0 0 1-.67-.01C7.5 20.5 4 18 4 13V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1c2 0 4.5-1.2 6.24-2.72a1.17 1.17 0 0 1 1.52 0C14.51 3.81 17 5 19 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1z\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Principles as the basis of access<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence, affirmed by the UN General Assembly, are what allow humanitarian actors to negotiate with every party. Perceived alignment with one side closes access and endangers staff.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m14.5 12.5-8 8a2.119 2.119 0 1 1-3-3l8-8\"\/><path d=\"m16 16 6-6\"\/><path d=\"m8 8 6-6\"\/><path d=\"m9 7 8 8\"\/><path d=\"m21 11-8-8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Consent and its limits<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Relief operations generally require the consent of the state concerned, and international humanitarian law requires parties to allow and facilitate impartial relief for civilians in need. Consent may not be arbitrarily withheld, a rule whose application remains contested in practice.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect width=\"8\" height=\"4\" x=\"8\" y=\"2\" rx=\"1\" ry=\"1\"\/><path d=\"M16 4h2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2\"\/><path d=\"m9 14 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Regulatory barriers in disasters<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">After a disaster, customs, visas, professional licensing and tax rules can delay international assistance as much as logistics do. Domestic disaster law built on the IDRL Guidelines sets out in advance how assistance is requested, facilitated and regulated.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"11\" x=\"3\" y=\"11\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M7 11V7a5 5 0 0 1 10 0v4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Sanctions and counter-terrorism measures<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Financial restrictions can block payments, supplies and fuel for humanitarian work. Humanitarian exemptions, including the Security Council&#8217;s exemption to asset freezes across UN <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h60\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 sys.supply-chain.trade-restriction\" data-tk=\"Systemic and compound events \u00b7 Supply-chain and flow disruption\" data-td=\"Export bans, sanctions or embargoes that cut access to goods, energy or inputs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H60\" data-tr=\"draft\">sanctions<\/a> regimes, reduce this risk, but banks and suppliers often remain cautious.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Hazards now in the Tigris and Euphrates Basin.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Population density, flood water and active fires over the Tigris and Euphrates Basin, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"tigris-euphrates:disaster\" data-ml-points=\"on\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"disaster\" data-ml-plan=\"p-fefe681f\" data-ml-view=\"3d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:disaster\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.health.people gibs.water.flood gibs.energy.fires gibs.water.imerg gibs.energy.ntl gibs.water.true ev.eonet ev.usgs r.labels f.ens f.flood gx.nhc r.goese gx.ems\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure compare export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-disaster\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-disaster\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"36,29,49,39.5\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Hazards now, the Tigris and Euphrates Basin: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"flood,people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">People and floods<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Population<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"flood||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Floods this week<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"fires||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Fires and flaring<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Hazards now, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"people\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Population density\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)\" data-wm-kind=\"Census-based estimate, static (2020)\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Population density, 2020<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University) Gridded Population of the World v4.11 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-wm-unit=\"people\/km\u00b2\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"people\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.people\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"flood\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Flood water\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Flood water, 3-day composite<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS Global Flood Product \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"flood\">14 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"flood\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.flood\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS Global Flood Product (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"fires\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"1\" data-wm-breaks=\"10,50,200\" data-wm-short=\"Fires and flares\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE FIRMS\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite detection; clouds and overpass timing leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Active fires and thermal anomalies<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE FIRMS VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"fires\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"MW\">Observed (clouds and overpass timing leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"fires\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.energy.fires\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds and overpass timing leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS) (NASA LANCE FIRMS)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE FIRMS<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite detection; clouds and overpass timing leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite hot-spot detections for the day shown, including gas flares and industrial heat; not a confirmed fire, an incident report or a warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"imerg\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"23\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Precipitation\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA GES DISC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite estimate, near real time\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Precipitation rate, daily mean<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA GES DISC GPM IMERG \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"imerg\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"imerg\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.imerg\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>GPM IMERG (NASA GES DISC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA GES DISC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite estimate, near real time<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite estimate, near real time. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"ntl\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.9\" data-wm-short=\"Night lights\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LAADS DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Night-time lights, daily<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LAADS DAAC VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ntl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"nW\/(cm\u00b2 sr)\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"ntl\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.energy.ntl\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) (NASA LAADS DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LAADS DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite night-time radiance for the date shown; lights are a proxy for electricity use and outages, not a measurement of supply or access.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"6\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" title=\"Layers\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2.5l-6.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5zm-6.5 6.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5m-13 2.8 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"tools\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" title=\"Expert tools\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 4.5l10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-7.5-8.5 0 3m5 .5 0 3m-3.5.5 0 3\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-sep\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"in\" aria-label=\"Zoom in\" title=\"Zoom in\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 3v10M3 8h10\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"out\" aria-label=\"Zoom out\" title=\"Zoom out\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 8h10\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"reset\" aria-label=\"Reset the view\" title=\"Reset the view\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.2 8a4.8 4.8 0 1 0 1.5-3.5M3.2 2.6v2.6h2.6\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"full\" aria-label=\"Full screen\" title=\"Full screen\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M2.5 6l0-3.5 3.5 0m7.5 3.5 0-3.5-3.5 0m-7.5 7.5 0 3.5 3.5 0m7.5-3.5 0 3.5-3.5 0\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-menu\" id=\"nx-wm-menu\" role=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"inspect\">Inspect a point<kbd>I<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"measure\">Measure distance<kbd>M<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"compare\">Compare two dates<kbd>C<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Hazards now, framed on the Tigris and Euphrates Basin.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 U.S. Geological Survey<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"sedac.gpw-v4\">Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7927\/H49C6VHW\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.7927\/H49C6VHW<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.firms\">NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), VIIRS 375 m active fire product, NASA LANCE; vector tiles via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gpm.imerg\">GPM IMERG precipitation, NASA Precipitation Processing System; distributed by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.laads.black-marble\">VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Live: U.S. Geological Survey Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Context: \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS. \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), rendered by NASA GIBS.<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>River discharge forecast, 30 days with range (GloFAS via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Emergency Management Service information 2026; not a flood warning.<\/li><li>Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https:\/\/open-meteo.com\/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/).<\/li><li>Optional layers (20 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/li><li>Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"flood\">14 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Active fires and thermal anomalies: VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS), NASA LANCE FIRMS \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"fires\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Precipitation rate, daily mean: GPM IMERG, NASA GES DISC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"imerg\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ntl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/grf\/R06\/topics\/humanitarian-cooperation\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Diplomacy Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-label=\"Indicators, Monitor, Sources, Policy scenarios\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Indicators, Monitor, Sources, Policy scenarios\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-indicators\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Indicators<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-5-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Monitor<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-sources\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Sources<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-instrument\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Policy scenarios<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What is measured, and how well.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"register\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Humanitarian response plan funding coverage<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of requirements funded<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">continuous<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">OCHA Financial Tracking Service<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Access constraint incidents<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">incidents per month by type<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Humanitarian access monitoring<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Security incidents affecting aid workers<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">incidents per year<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Aid Worker Security Database<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">States with domestic law on international disaster assistance<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">count of states<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">continuous<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">IFRC disaster law records<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Humanitarian notifications for deconfliction<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">notifications submitted and acknowledged<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per operation<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Humanitarian notification system records<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Cross-border and cross-line convoys completed<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">convoys per month<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">OCHA and cluster records<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Time from request to arrival of international assistance<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">days<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per event<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Operational records and after-action reviews<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"indicators\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/grf\/R06\/topics\/humanitarian-cooperation\/#indicators\" data-nxf-title=\"Indicators\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-5-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Monitor<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Negotiation track desk.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The screen a team would use to follow this subject: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-diplomacy-track\" data-cx=\"diplomacy.track\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Negotiation track desk: illustrative console with example names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Negotiation track desk<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Humanitarian cooperation \u00b7 Shared basin dialogue \u00b7 Round 5<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure&#8217;s values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Text in brackets<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GRF \u00b7 Diplomacy Nexus<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"steps\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Track<\/h4><\/div><\/div><ol class=\"nx-cx-steps\" data-n=\"6\"><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Convene<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">parties<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Fact-finding<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">joint<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Options<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">shared<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"now\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Draft text<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">brackets<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"todo\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Agreement<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">parties decide<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"todo\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Implement<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">monitor<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"4\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Draft text, articles<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-diplomacy-track-t1\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-diplomacy-track-t1\" aria-label=\"Draft text, articles\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Article<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Subject<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Brackets<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">State<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-diplomacy-track:r1-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Art. 3<\/td><td>Data exchange<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"1\">1<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Agreed ad ref<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-diplomacy-track:r1-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\" aria-current=\"true\" data-cur=\"true\"><td>Art. 5<\/td><td>Low-flow sharing<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"8\">8<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Open<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-diplomacy-track:r1-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Art. 7<\/td><td>Notification of works<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"3\">3<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Open<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-diplomacy-track:r1-3\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Art. 9<\/td><td>Dispute avoidance<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"5\">5<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Not discussed<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"2\" data-t=\"kv\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Facilitator note<\/h4><\/div><\/div><dl class=\"nx-fk-dl\"><div><dt>Next round<\/dt><dd>week 5<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Format<\/dt><dd>closed, non-attribution<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Decision<\/dt><dd>parties only<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>GRF role<\/dt><dd>convenes, records<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Negotiation track desk: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for Humanitarian cooperation.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where the evidence comes from.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it gives<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">OCHA Financial Tracking Service<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Humanitarian funding requirements, pledges and contributions by plan and donor<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">ReliefWeb<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Situation reports, access updates and assessments from humanitarian organisations<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free to read, terms per publisher<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Humanitarian Data Exchange<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Shared operational datasets from agencies and partners<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Licence per dataset<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Aid Worker Security Database (Humanitarian Outcomes)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Major security incidents affecting aid workers<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free to view, terms of use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">IFRC disaster law database<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">National laws and policies on disaster response and international assistance<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free to read, terms of use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">ICRC customary international humanitarian law database<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Rules of customary humanitarian law with the state practice behind them<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free to read, ICRC terms<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Security Council records<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Resolutions on protection of civilians, conflict and hunger, and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h60\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 sys.supply-chain.trade-restriction\" data-tk=\"Systemic and compound events \u00b7 Supply-chain and flow disruption\" data-td=\"Export bans, sanctions or embargoes that cut access to goods, energy or inputs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H60\" data-tr=\"draft\">sanctions<\/a> exemptions<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public records<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/grf\/R06\/topics\/humanitarian-cooperation\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Sources\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Policy scenarios<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Compare instruments: rules, incentives and information.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Three families of instruments side by side against the baseline, each with its own lag and adoption speed, under the coverage and compliance you set; effect sizes are teaching values to replace with evidence. Scenario: named assumptions about the future, not a forecast. The map on this page shows The Tigris and Euphrates Basin; the model itself is not tied to a place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-iplomacy-topics-humanitarian-cooperation-0\" data-nxi=\"policy\" data-nxi-id=\"policy\" data-nxi-z=\"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\" aria-label=\"Compare instruments: rules, incentives and information\"><div class=\"nx-in-body\"><div class=\"nx-in-main\"><div class=\"nx-in-tabs\" data-nxi-tabs=\"true\" aria-label=\"Views of the model\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"result\">Result<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"fan\">Uncertainty<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"tornado\">Sensitivity<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"loops\">Loops<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-stage\" id=\"nx-in-iplomacy-topics-humanitarian-cooperation-0-stage\" data-nxi-stage=\"true\" data-view=\"result\"><svg class=\"nx-in-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Outcome by option\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-in-tip\" data-nxi-tip=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><div class=\"nx-in-bar\" data-nxi-bar=\"true\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Play over time\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-prev=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step back\">&#8249;<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-play=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Play<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-next=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step forward\">&#8250;<\/button><span class=\"nx-in-step\" data-nxi-step=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-side\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><div class=\"nx-in-ctl\" data-nxi-ctl=\"true\"><dl class=\"nx-in-pv\"><div><dt>Baseline trend of the outcome<\/dt><dd>2.0% a year<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coverage of the instrument<\/dt><dd>70%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Compliance<\/dt><dd>75%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Effect size, against the teaching value<\/dt><dd>100%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Years ahead<\/dt><dd>20 years<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readouts<\/p><dl class=\"nx-in-out\" data-nxi-out=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div><dt>Largest reduction at the horizon<\/dt><dd>Pre-arranged finance and triggers<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Its reduction against the baseline<\/dt><dd>21%<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><details class=\"nx-in-more\"><summary>Numbers, methods and sources<\/summary><div class=\"nx-in-more-in\"><div class=\"nx-in-tblw\" data-nxi-table=\"true\"><table class=\"nx-in-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pre-arranged finance and triggers<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Early warning coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Community preparedness<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">0<\/th><td>100.0<\/td><td>98.9<\/td><td>99.4<\/td><td>98.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">1<\/th><td>102.0<\/td><td>99.4<\/td><td>100.9<\/td><td>99.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2<\/th><td>104.0<\/td><td>98.6<\/td><td>102.1<\/td><td>99.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">3<\/th><td>106.1<\/td><td>96.1<\/td><td>102.8<\/td><td>99.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">4<\/th><td>108.2<\/td><td>93.1<\/td><td>103.0<\/td><td>99.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">5<\/th><td>110.4<\/td><td>91.1<\/td><td>102.6<\/td><td>100.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">6<\/th><td>112.6<\/td><td>90.8<\/td><td>102.0<\/td><td>101.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">7<\/th><td>114.9<\/td><td>91.5<\/td><td>101.6<\/td><td>103.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">8<\/th><td>117.2<\/td><td>92.9<\/td><td>101.8<\/td><td>105.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">9<\/th><td>119.5<\/td><td>94.6<\/td><td>102.6<\/td><td>107.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">10<\/th><td>121.9<\/td><td>96.4<\/td><td>103.8<\/td><td>109.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">11<\/th><td>124.3<\/td><td>98.3<\/td><td>105.4<\/td><td>111.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">12<\/th><td>126.8<\/td><td>100.2<\/td><td>107.2<\/td><td>113.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">13<\/th><td>129.4<\/td><td>102.2<\/td><td>109.2<\/td><td>115.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">14<\/th><td>131.9<\/td><td>104.2<\/td><td>111.3<\/td><td>118.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">15<\/th><td>134.6<\/td><td>106.3<\/td><td>113.5<\/td><td>120.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">16<\/th><td>137.3<\/td><td>108.5<\/td><td>115.7<\/td><td>122.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">17<\/th><td>140.0<\/td><td>110.6<\/td><td>118.0<\/td><td>125.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">18<\/th><td>142.8<\/td><td>112.8<\/td><td>120.3<\/td><td>127.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">19<\/th><td>145.7<\/td><td>115.1<\/td><td>122.7<\/td><td>130.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">20<\/th><td>148.6<\/td><td>117.4<\/td><td>125.2<\/td><td>133.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-csv=\"true\" hidden>Download the numbers (CSV)<\/button><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>Tools of government <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Hood (1983), The Tools of Government, Macmillan<\/span><\/li><li>Carrots, sticks and sermons <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Bemelmans-Videc, Rist and Vedung (1998), Transaction<\/span><\/li><li>Diffusion of innovations <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Rogers (2003), Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press<\/span><\/li><li>Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333<\/span><\/li><li>One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Data<\/h4><p class=\"nx-p\">The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page&#8217;s map can draw:<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-src\"><li>Borders <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Cities <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">Compare instruments: rules, incentives and information. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: Tools of government (Hood (1983), The Tools of Government, Macmillan); Carrots, sticks and sermons (Bemelmans-Videc, Rist and Vedung (1998), Transaction); Diffusion of innovations (Rogers (2003), Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press).<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/diplomacy\/foundry\/\">Diplomacy Nexus in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/diplomacy\/universe\/\">Diplomacy Nexus in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/foundations\/\">Foundations and Governance in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/diplomacy\/reports\/\">Diplomacy Nexus in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/governance-policy\/\">Faculty of Governance, Policy and International Affairs in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-label=\"Decisions, Anticipatory action, Core questions, Twin and cascade simulator\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Decisions, Anticipatory action, Core questions, Twin and cascade simulator\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-decisions\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Decisions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-instrument-2\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Anticipatory action<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Core questions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-twin\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-decisions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Diplomacy Nexus prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Who decides<\/th><th scope=\"col\">The question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence this page serves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Emergency Relief Coordinator and humanitarian coordinators<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">How to negotiate and sustain access with all parties, and when to raise obstruction publicly<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Access constraint records, the legal basis for relief, comparable negotiations<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">National disaster management authorities<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">When and how to request international assistance and which facilitation to grant<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Domestic disaster law, the IDRL Guidelines, records of earlier requests<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h60\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 sys.supply-chain.trade-restriction\" data-tk=\"Systemic and compound events \u00b7 Supply-chain and flow disruption\" data-td=\"Export bans, sanctions or embargoes that cut access to goods, energy or inputs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H60\" data-tr=\"draft\">Sanctions<\/a> committees and finance ministries<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Whether exemptions are enough for humanitarian payments and supplies to reach people<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Exemption texts, reported banking and supply barriers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Donor governments<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">How to fund principled humanitarian action flexibly without compromising neutrality<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Funding flows, commitments under the Grand Bargain, access constraints by context<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Outputs this topic produces<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Guides to the legal and institutional basis of access in conflict and disaster<\/li><li>Comparative records of disaster law and facilitation arrangements<\/li><li>Dialogue records from humanitarian and development coordination forums<\/li><li>Reviews of sanctions exemptions and how they are applied<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument-2\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Anticipatory action<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">From forecast to early action, by pillar.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The chain from an impact model to an evaluated early action, each step with the pillar that runs it, and the decisions that stay with the authorities. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows The Tigris and Euphrates Basin; the model itself is not tied to a place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-iplomacy-topics-humanitarian-cooperation-1\" aria-label=\"From forecast to early action, by pillar\"><ol class=\"nx-in-steps\"><li><strong>Risk and impact model<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Foundry<\/span><br>Impact thresholds are set from hazard, exposure and vulnerability. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Coughlan de Perez and others (2015)<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Trigger and protocol agreed<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Nexus Standards<\/span><br>A forecast probability and lead time that trigger action are written down in advance. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Coughlan de Perez and others (2015)<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Pre-arranged finance<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Competent authority (outside the programme)<\/span><br>Funds are committed before the event by those who hold them. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">WMO (2022)<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Simulation exercise<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Universe<\/span><br>The protocol is exercised end to end before it is needed. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">WMO (2022)<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Forecast crosses the trigger<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Foundry<\/span><br>The forecast is read against the trigger; the decision to act is recorded. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Coughlan de Perez and others (2015)<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Early action<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Competent authority (outside the programme)<\/span><br>Responders act in the window before the impact, under their own mandates. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">WMO (2022)<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Training of responders<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Risk Academy<\/span><br>Responders learn the protocol and its limits. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">WMO (2022)<\/span><\/li><li><strong>Evaluation published<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Reports<\/span><br>What was triggered, what was done and what it avoided is published. <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Coughlan de Perez and others (2015)<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>Forecast-based financing <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Coughlan de Perez and others (2015), NHESS 15<\/span><\/li><li>Early warnings for all <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">WMO (2022), Executive Action Plan 2023\u20132027<\/span><\/li><li>Layered drawing of directed graphs <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Sugiyama, Tagawa and Toda (1981), IEEE SMC 11<\/span><\/li><\/ol><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">From forecast to early action, by pillar: the steps as recorded, each with its pillar; sources as cited on each step.<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/diplomacy\/foundry\/\">Diplomacy Nexus in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/diplomacy\/universe\/\">Diplomacy Nexus in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/foundations\/\">Foundations and Governance in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/diplomacy\/reports\/\">Diplomacy Nexus in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/governance-policy\/\">Faculty of Governance, Policy and International Affairs in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Core questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What practitioners and scholars ask.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>How can humanitarian principles be maintained when working alongside political and development actors?<\/li><li>How can <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 anticipatory-action\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Actions taken ahead of a predicted hazard, on the basis of a forecast or risk analysis, to prevent or reduce its humanitarian impacts before they fully unfold.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">anticipatory action<\/a> reduce the impact of predictable crises?<\/li><li>How are roles divided between affected states, humanitarian organisations and other actors?<\/li><li>How can affected people hold responders accountable?<\/li><li>How should humanitarian data be protected?<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Exercise a cascade in humanitarian cooperation with the people who decide.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/geopolitical-and-security-risk\/\">Geopolitical and security risk<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and communities that carry the loss, the controls and institutions that dampen it and the data that observe it. Pick an initiating event and step through the cascade to see where mandates meet and which decisions fall to whom. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every weight is a stated assumption. An exercise for dialogue, not a forecast, an assessment or a position. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-topics-humanitarian-cooperation-R06\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h55\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 soc.armed-violence.interstate-war\" data-tk=\"Society, conflict and economy \u00b7 Organised and collective violence\" data-td=\"Armed conflict between states, with direct attacks on people and territory and wide effects on trade, energy and food.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H55\" data-tr=\"draft\">Interstate war<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h57\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 soc.humanitarian.mass-displacement\" data-tk=\"Society, conflict and economy \u00b7 Humanitarian crises\" data-td=\"Large numbers of people forced to leave their homes by conflict, disaster or collapse, straining host areas and services.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H57\" data-tr=\"draft\">Mass displacement<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h56\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 soc.conflict-induced.infrastructure-targeting\" data-tk=\"Society, conflict and economy \u00b7 Conflict-induced harm\" data-td=\"Deliberate strikes on power, water, health, transport or communications that cut services to civilians.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H56\" data-tr=\"draft\">Attacks on critical infrastructure<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Explosive remnants and landmines (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Conflict-related environmental damage (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Trade restriction or embargo (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Commodity price shock (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Satellite-navigation disruption (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Acute food crisis (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Deliberate destruction of cultural heritage (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Nuclear facility in an armed conflict (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Chokepoint blockage (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Post-disaster traumatic stress (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Nuclear plant accident (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/geopolitical-and-security-risk\/\">Geopolitical and security risk<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/industry-trade\/supply-chain-and-trade-risk\/\">Supply chain and trade risk<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/energy-infrastructure\/energy-risk-standards\/\">Energy risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/conflict-and-security-risk-standards\/\">Conflict and security risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Mechanism<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/finance\/financial-and-economic-risk-standards\/\">Financial and economic risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NRS-P8<\/code> Security, terrorism and geopolitical risk<\/li><li><code>NRS-H60<\/code> Hazard family: Supply-chain and flow disruption (NHS-1 sys.supply-chain)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H62<\/code> Hazard family: Compound and multi-hazard events (NHS-1 sys.compound)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H31<\/code> Hazard family: Persistent and bioaccumulative substances (NHS-1 poll.persistent)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H41<\/code> Hazard family: Animal-to-human spillover (NHS-1 health.zoonotic)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H59<\/code> Hazard family: Economic shocks and governance failure (NHS-1 soc.economic)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Geopolitical Risk Index (Caldara and Iacoviello) (listed for reference)<\/li><li>UCDP Georeferenced Event Dataset and Candidate Events (listed for reference)<\/li><li>GDELT event database and global knowledge graph (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Worldwide Governance Indicators (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Conflict-related deaths per 100,000 population<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>The Horn of Africa: 253 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface soil moisture (SMAP), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Mechanisms and drivers, Instruments and commitments, Methods and data, Methods\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Mechanisms and drivers, Instruments and commitments, Methods and data, Methods\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-mechanisms-and-drivers\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Mechanisms and drivers<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Instruments and commitments<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Methods and data<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Methods<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-mechanisms-and-drivers\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanisms and drivers<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What shapes humanitarian cooperation.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Affected states hold primary responsibility for assisting people on their territory. Humanitarian organisations act under their own mandates and principles, which allow them to reach people on all sides of a conflict. Maintaining neutrality and independence while coordinating with governments, militaries, development actors and donors is a persistent challenge.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Crises are increasingly protracted, and many are linked to climate, conflict and economic shocks. This has driven interest in connecting humanitarian, development and peace work, and in acting before predictable shocks peak. <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 anticipatory-action\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Actions taken ahead of a predicted hazard, on the basis of a forecast or risk analysis, to prevent or reduce its humanitarian impacts before they fully unfold.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Anticipatory action<\/a> uses forecasts to release resources early, which evidence suggests can reduce losses, though it depends on reliable triggers and pre-agreed plans.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Data and technology bring new capabilities and new risks: biometric registration and data sharing can improve aid delivery but expose vulnerable people if data are misused or breached.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Why now: humanitarian needs are rising while funding has fallen sharply since 2025, forcing hard choices on access and coordination. Diplomacy Nexus convenes institutional dialogue on cooperation arrangements, respecting humanitarian principles and the mandates of humanitarian organisations.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Instruments and commitments<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How humanitarian cooperation is governed: instruments, mandates and commitments.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The instruments, mandates, actors and accountability arrangements a policymaker, diplomat or development agency works with, citing the agreements that set them. Structures follow the frameworks named. Any state or progress drawn is illustrative, not a record.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"governance\" data-au-n=\"1\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"mandate-timeline\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Mandates and agreements over time<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">The agreements that set mandates and commitments on humanitarian cooperation, from adoption to their current horizon.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-au-tl\"><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">1992<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-tl-t\">UNFCCC and Convention on Biological Diversity<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">United Nations<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">2015<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-tl-t\">Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">UNDRR<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">2015<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-tl-t\">2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">United Nations<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">2015<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-tl-t\">Paris Agreement<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">UNFCCC<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">2022<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-tl-t\">Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">CBD<\/span><\/li><li data-au-now=\"latest\"><span class=\"nx-au-k\">2023<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-tl-t\">First global stocktake under the Paris Agreement<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">UNFCCC<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">2024<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-tl-t\">Pact for the Future and Global Digital Compact<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">United Nations<\/span><\/li><\/ol><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Adoption years of the agreements named; the texts and their bodies are the authority. Chosen from the page&#8217;s fields.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction \u00b7 UNDRR<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Paris Agreement \u00b7 UNFCCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals \u00b7 United Nations<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">International Health Regulations \u00b7 WHO<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the platform approaches the subject.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-rows\"><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">01<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Principles and safeguards review<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Examining how humanitarian principles and safeguards apply in practice. Each context differs.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">02<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Institutional role analysis<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Mapping mandates and coordination arrangements, using <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/policy-science\/\">policy science<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">03<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Anticipatory action evidence<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Drawing on the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) work on forecasting and early action, such as <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/disaster-resilience\/\">Disaster Resilience and Recovery<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">04<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Structured dialogue<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Convening practitioners and institutions under safeguarding rules.<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">The platform does not coordinate or deliver humanitarian operations, and it respects the independence of humanitarian organisations.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">15<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-methods\" data-limits=\"true\"><ol class=\"nx-mledger\" aria-label=\"Methods\"><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/diplomacy\/stem\/policy-science\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Policy, institutional and decision science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Comparative treaty analysis \u00b7 Mandate and institutional mapping \u00b7 Implementation review<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/policy-science\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Policy, institutional and decision science\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/diplomacy\/stem\/game-theory\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Game theory and mechanism design<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Benefit sharing in a shared basin \u00b7 Coalitions in climate agreements<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/game-theory\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Game theory and mechanism design\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/diplomacy\/stem\/hydrology\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Hydrology and water science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Joint basin water accounts \u00b7 Testing allocation rules against drought<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/hydrology\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Hydrology and water science\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/diplomacy\/stem\/ocean-science\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Ocean and coastal science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Sea-level rise and maritime zones \u00b7 Shared stocks and fisheries bodies<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/ocean-science\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Ocean and coastal science\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-limits\" aria-label=\"What the methods cannot say\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the methods cannot say<\/span><p class=\"nx-limits-text\">Access and security data are incomplete by design: incidents go unreported and some are withheld to protect staff and negotiations. Funding coverage measures money, not whether needs were met. Rules on consent and relief are clear in principle and contested in application, and practice differs between conflicts and disasters. Diplomacy Nexus does not negotiate access, deliver assistance or speak for humanitarian organisations.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-4\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-label=\"Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-16-sec\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-s-16-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-16\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">16<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>Can a state refuse humanitarian assistance?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Relief operations generally need the consent of the state concerned, but under international humanitarian law consent to impartial relief for civilians in need may not be arbitrarily withheld. What counts as arbitrary depends on the circumstances and is often disputed.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is humanitarian deconfliction?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">A procedure in which humanitarian organisations notify parties to a conflict of the locations and movements of their staff and facilities. Notification does not shift responsibility: parties remain bound by humanitarian law whether or not they were notified.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why does domestic disaster law matter?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because the barriers to international assistance after a disaster are often regulatory: visas, customs, licensing of medical staff and tax. Rules agreed in advance let a government accept help quickly while keeping control.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does GRF deliver humanitarian aid?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. It convenes dialogue on cooperation and safeguards. Humanitarian operations are run by mandated organisations.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why does neutrality matter for cooperation?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because humanitarian access often depends on being seen as independent of political or military objectives.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How is sensitive information handled?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Dialogues follow safeguarding and confidentiality rules set in advance. No personal data about affected people is collected.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can humanitarian organisations propose topics?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Yes, by enquiry to <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/diplomacy\/write-to-us\/participation-registration\/\">the registration form<\/a>.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Risks Forum<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Diplomacy Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Regional Systems<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Evidence Brief<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/diplomacy\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GRF<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Global Risks Forum<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/grf\/diplomacy\/topics\/humanitarian-cooperation#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-um-com-diplomacy-topics-humanitarian-cooperation-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-um-com-diplomacy-topics-humanitarian-cooperation-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-um-com-diplomacy-topics-humanitarian-cooperation-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\/nxs-aap\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Nxs-aap<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/governance-policy\/diplomacy-global-commons\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Diplomacy, cooperation and the global commons<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/political-and-governance-risk-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Political and governance risk standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-17\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Diplomacy Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a governance question to the Forum.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/diplomacy\/write-to-us\/session-proposal\/\">Propose a dialogue <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/diplomacy\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-legal-18\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Legal<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-legal-18\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Legal documents.<\/h2><details class=\"nx-mt-3\"><summary class=\"nx-link\">Show all 18 legal documents<\/summary><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Legal documents\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/terms\/\">Platform Terms of Use <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/privacy\/\">Platform Privacy Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/cookies\/\">Platform Cookie and Storage Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/legal-notice\/\">Legal Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/acceptable-use\/\">Acceptable Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/participation-terms\/\">Participation and Events Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/contribution-terms\/\">Contribution Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/research-and-data-terms\/\">Research and Data Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/ai-use\/\">AI-use Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/intellectual-property\/\">Intellectual Property and Licensing <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/trademark-policy\/\">Trademark and Name Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/disclaimer\/\">Disclaimers and Data Notices <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/corrections\/\">Corrections and Right of Reply Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/complaints-and-integrity\/\">Complaints and integrity reporting <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/security\/\">Security and responsible disclosure <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/code-of-conduct\/\">Code of Conduct <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/trust\/accessibility\/\">Accessibility Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/legal\/third-party-notices\/\">Third-party notices and attributions <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><\/details><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Maps, data and figures on this site are shown for context and general information. They are not advice, forecasts or warnings; the limits of the information are set out in the Disclaimers and Data Notices.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/diplomacy\/topics\/humanitarian-cooperation\/#faq\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/diplomacy\/topics\/humanitarian-cooperation\/#webpage\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Can a state refuse humanitarian assistance?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Relief operations generally need the consent of the state concerned, but under international humanitarian law consent to impartial relief for civilians in need may not be arbitrarily withheld. 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