{"id":17587,"date":"2026-10-13T22:02:10","date_gmt":"2026-10-14T02:02:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/?page_id=17587"},"modified":"2026-10-13T22:02:10","modified_gmt":"2026-10-14T02:02:10","slug":"finance-and-inequality","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/topics\/finance-and-inequality\/","title":{"rendered":"Finance and inequality"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Nexus network page \u00b7 https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/topics\/finance-and-inequality\/ \u00b7 source authored \u00b7 generated by integrations\/wordpress\/network\/build.mjs, never edit this file --><script type=\"text\/x-nexus\" class=\"_iub_cs_skip\" id=\"nxe-fig-engine\" 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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n2p7uk9a.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-hero\" data-layout=\"dag\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-title-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-theme-toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Appearance of this page\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"light\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Light<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"dark\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Dark<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"auto\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Auto<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-folio\" aria-label=\"Document reference\"><strong>R05 \u00b7 TOPIC \u00b7 finance-and-inequality<\/strong>GRF dossier \u00b7 service level R0<\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-grid\"><div class=\"nx-hero-text\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GRF<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Capital Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Established<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-accent-row\"><span class=\"nx-accent-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span>Topic dossier \u00b7 Capital Nexus<\/span><\/div><h1 id=\"nx-title-1\" class=\"nx-hero-title\">Finance and inequality<\/h1><p class=\"nx-tagline\">Finance shapes who can save, borrow, insure and invest, and fiscal choices shape who pays for public capital and who benefits from it. Access gaps, the incidence of taxes and transfers, the cost of debt service and the distribution of losses after crises all carry distributional consequences. This page sets out how finance and inequality interact, how distributional outcomes and access are measured, and which institutions hold the decisions that change them.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/topics\/\">Back to Topics<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-canvas\"><div class=\"nx-plate\" data-wide=\"true\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Systems<\/strong> \u00b7 around this subject<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Design, not a record<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-figure-frame\" data-scene=\"true\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-capitalgov-pipeline\" data-cx=\"capitalgov.pipeline\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Public investment pipeline: illustrative console with placeholder names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Public investment pipeline<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Finance and inequality \u00b7 Member state A \u00b7 Budget cycle 2<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure's values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>4 projects unscreened<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GRF \u00b7 Capital Nexus<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"4\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Pipeline<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-capitalgov-pipeline-t0\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-capitalgov-pipeline-t0\" aria-label=\"Pipeline\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Project<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Sector<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Climate screen<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Appraisal<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c4\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c4\">Stage<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-capitalgov-pipeline:r0-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\" aria-current=\"true\" data-cur=\"true\"><td>Coastal road upgrade<\/td><td>Transport<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"not\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>High risk<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Redo<\/span><\/td><td>Appraisal<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-capitalgov-pipeline:r0-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>District hospital<\/td><td>Health<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Medium<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Done<\/span><\/td><td>Committee<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-capitalgov-pipeline:r0-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Irrigation scheme<\/td><td>Agriculture<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Medium<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Done<\/span><\/td><td>Financing<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-capitalgov-pipeline:r0-3\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Solar mini-grids<\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Low<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Done<\/span><\/td><td>Procurement<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"2\" data-t=\"kv\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Committee<\/h4><\/div><\/div><dl class=\"nx-fk-dl\"><div><dt>Next meeting<\/dt><dd>week 9<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Quorum<\/dt><dd>6 members<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Conflicts<\/dt><dd>declared, recorded<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>GRF role<\/dt><dd>convening and methods<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"steps\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Investment cycle<\/h4><\/div><\/div><ol class=\"nx-cx-steps\" data-n=\"7\"><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Identify<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">needs<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Screen<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">climate and disaster<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"now\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Appraise<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">cost-benefit<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"todo\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Select<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">committee<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"todo\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Finance<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">mix<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"todo\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Implement<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">monitor<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"todo\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Evaluate<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">ex post<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Public investment pipeline: the screen's structure, terms and states for Finance and inequality.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Placeholder names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Fig.<\/strong><span>Public investment pipeline. Design wireframe with placeholder names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section> <nav class=\"nx-index-strip\" data-nx-spy=\"true\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><a href=\"#nx-sec-brief-answer\"><span>01<\/span>The short answer<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span>02<\/span>Financial centres and urban exposure\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span>03<\/span>Finance and inequality: how the risk\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\"><span>04<\/span>Terms used on this page<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span>05<\/span>What is measured, and how well<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-pipeline\"><span>06<\/span>From sources to decisions<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span>07<\/span>Where the evidence comes from<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-decisions\"><span>08<\/span>Who decides, and what the evidence\u2026<\/a><\/div><\/nav> <section id=\"nx-sec-brief-answer\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">In brief<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The short answer.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Finance and inequality are linked because finance shapes who can save, borrow, insure and invest, and fiscal choices shape who pays for public capital and who benefits. Access gaps, tax and transfer incidence, debt service costs and the distribution of crisis losses all carry distributional consequences.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Financial centres and urban exposure in the United Kingdom and Ireland.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The cities where people, assets and financial activity concentrate, shown for the United Kingdom and Ireland as an example geography for this subject.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-map nx-cmap\" data-nx-map=\"ctx\" data-cmap=\"uk-ireland:finance\" data-ramp=\"purple\" data-basis=\"case\" data-focus=\"0 0 2000 1400|713 108 1480 1309|524 612 877 1104\"><figure class=\"nx-fk\" data-fk=\"map-uk-ireland-finance\" data-ramp=\"purple\" 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\"><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>The cities where people, assets and financial activity concentrate.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Indicator derived from Natural Earth at map scale; a screening view, not an assessment.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/grf\/R05\/topics\/finance-and-inequality\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Capital Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-map-hud\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 Capital Nexus \u00b7 field<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-map-hud-right\">DESIGN FIGURE<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-question\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The question<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Finance and inequality: how the risk develops.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Distributional outcomes and access. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"2\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M22 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Access is uneven<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Households and small firms without accounts, credit histories or collateral pay more for finance or go without. Women, rural populations and informal workers face the widest gaps, which limit their ability to absorb shocks.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"4.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m10.2 6.3-3.9 3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"M7 12h10\"\/><circle cx=\"19.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m13.8 17.7 3.9-3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"19.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Debt service crowds out<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">When interest payments rise relative to revenue, governments cut or defer spending on health, education and social protection first. The burden falls on those who rely most on public services.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 12h-2.48a2 2 0 0 0-1.93 1.46l-2.35 8.36a.25.25 0 0 1-.48 0L9.24 2.18a.25.25 0 0 0-.48 0l-2.35 8.36A2 2 0 0 1 4.49 12H2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Crises are regressive<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Financial crises, inflation and currency collapses erode wages and savings faster than assets. Rescue measures can protect creditors and asset holders while adjustment falls on workers and taxpayers.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21.21 15.89A10 10 0 1 1 8 2.83\"\/><path d=\"M22 12A10 10 0 0 0 12 2v10z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Fiscal incidence decides<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Who pays taxes, who receives transfers and who uses public services together determine whether public finance narrows or widens inequality. Incidence analysis makes that distribution visible before decisions are taken.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-terms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Key terms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Terms used on this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Fiscal incidence analysis<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">Estimating how taxes, transfers and public services change income distribution across households.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Financial inclusion<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">Access to and use of useful, affordable financial services by individuals and firms.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Crowding out<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">The displacement of other public or private spending, such as social spending squeezed by interest payments.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What is measured, and how well.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Adults with an account at a financial institution or mobile money provider<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of adults, by sex and income group<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">triennial<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Global Findex household survey<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Gini index of disposable income<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">index (0 to 100)<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual where surveyed<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Household income and expenditure surveys<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Interest payments relative to revenue<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of general government revenue<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Government finance statistics<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OFFICIAL<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Change in inequality from taxes and transfers<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">Gini points (market to final income)<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per study<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Fiscal incidence analysis<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Social spending<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of GDP<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Government expenditure by function<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OFFICIAL<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Small firm credit gap<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">US dollars<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per assessment<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Enterprise surveys and financial sector data<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Remittance transfer cost<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of amount sent<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">quarterly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Remittance Prices Worldwide<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"indicators\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/grf\/R05\/topics\/finance-and-inequality\/#indicators\" data-nxf-title=\"Indicators\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pipeline\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Canvas<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">From sources to decisions.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The topic as a computational graph: named sources feed the methods, an evidence review gates the outputs, and the decisions stay with the authorities that hold them.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-plate\" data-wide=\"true\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Pipeline canvas<\/strong> \u00b7 Finance and inequality as a run graph<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Design, not a record<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-figure-frame\" data-scene=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-figure nx-ui nx-dag\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 564\" data-nx-dag=\"true\" data-w=\"1200\" data-h=\"564\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-dag-r05-topics-finance-and-inequality-dsa-t nx-dag-r05-topics-finance-and-inequality-dsa-d\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><title id=\"nx-dag-r05-topics-finance-and-inequality-dsa-t\">Finance and inequality: debt sustainability analysis<\/title><desc id=\"nx-dag-r05-topics-finance-and-inequality-dsa-d\">A macro baseline drives debt dynamics; standard and tailored shocks (growth, rates, exchange rate, disasters, contingent liabilities) give a fan of paths; thresholds and the heat map give a risk rating that informs the debt strategy. Design of the process, not a record of a run.<\/desc><\/svg><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Fig. 02<\/strong><span>Nodes carry their type, two metric rows and a state; connectors show what feeds what; dashed frames name the owners; the timeline is the cadence. Design of the pipeline, not a record of a run.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-sources\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-variant=\"band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where the evidence comes from.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it gives<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">World Bank Global Findex Database<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Account ownership, saving, borrowing and resilience by population group<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">World Bank Poverty and Inequality Platform<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Poverty and inequality estimates from household surveys<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">IMF Financial Access Survey<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Supply-side data on access to and use of financial services<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free, IMF copyright and usage terms<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Commitment to Equity Institute Data Center<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Fiscal incidence studies of taxes, transfers and services<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free, registration and attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">World Inequality Database<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Income and wealth distribution series combining surveys, tax and national accounts<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">World Bank Remittance Prices Worldwide<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Cost of sending remittances by corridor<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">UNCTAD A World of Debt<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Public debt and interest burdens set against social spending<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free, UN terms of use<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/grf\/R05\/topics\/finance-and-inequality\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Sources\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-decisions\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Capital Nexus prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Who decides<\/th><th scope=\"col\">The question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence this page serves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Finance ministries<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">How fiscal adjustment, tax reform and debt service affect different income groups<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Fiscal incidence studies, interest burdens and social spending by function<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Central banks and financial regulators<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">How to widen access and protect consumers without raising stability risks<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Access and usage data by group; supervisory and complaint records<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Parliaments<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Whether budgets protect essential services when debt service rises<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Interest relative to revenue, social spending trends and incidence evidence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Multilateral boards<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Whether programme design includes social spending floors and distributional analysis<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Programme documents, social spending floors and post-programme reviews<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Outputs this topic produces<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Distributional briefs on debt service and social spending, with sources labelled<\/li><li>Dialogue papers on financial inclusion policy and consumer protection<\/li><li>Notes on fiscal incidence methods and their assumptions<\/li><li>Question sets for distributional review of adjustment programmes<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Core questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What experts ask.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-rows\"><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">01<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Who has access to finance?<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">How access to credit, savings, payments and insurance varies by income, gender, location and enterprise size.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">02<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Who bears risk?<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">How losses from shocks are distributed between households, firms, financial institutions and the state.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">03<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">How do crises affect inequality?<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">How recessions, disasters and financial crises change the distribution of wealth and income.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">04<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">What do policies do?<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Distributional effects of monetary, fiscal and financial regulation.<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-mechanisms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanisms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What drives the issue.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Households and small firms with little savings and no insurance absorb shocks by selling assets, cutting consumption or borrowing at high cost, which can trap them in poverty. Access to appropriate financial services helps them manage risk.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Credit allocation follows collateral and information. Those without formal titles, credit histories or stable incomes are excluded or pay more, including many women, informal workers and rural households.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Asset price movements redistribute wealth. Policies that raise asset prices benefit those who own assets; inflation and unemployment fall hardest on those without buffers.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Climate and disaster losses are regressive in effect, because poorer households have less protection and recover more slowly. Financial instruments can reduce or deepen this, depending on design.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Digital finance changes access and risk at once. Mobile money and digital credit have widened access in many places, while raising new questions about data use, over-indebtedness and consumer protection.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods-and-limits\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and limits<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How evidence is gathered, and where it stops.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Method or data<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it shows<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Its limit<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Method or data\">Household surveys<\/td><td data-label=\"What it shows\">Access, use and financial health<\/td><td data-label=\"Its limit\">Infrequent and costly<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Method or data\">Distributional analysis<\/td><td data-label=\"What it shows\">Effects of policies on groups<\/td><td data-label=\"Its limit\">Model assumptions matter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Method or data\">Post-shock studies<\/td><td data-label=\"What it shows\">Recovery paths by group<\/td><td data-label=\"Its limit\">Hard to follow households over time<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Method or data\">Administrative data<\/td><td data-label=\"What it shows\">Credit and insurance coverage<\/td><td data-label=\"Its limit\">Privacy limits access<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-methods\" data-limits=\"true\"><ol class=\"nx-mledger\" aria-label=\"Methods\"><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/stem\/economics\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Economics and development economics<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Appraisal of public investment \u00b7 Fiscal incidence of policy choices \u00b7 Indirect costs of shocks<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/economics\/\" aria-label=\"Economics and development economics: canonical page on the STEM Commons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/stem\/policy-science\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Policy, institutional and decision science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Mandate and decision-rights mapping \u00b7 Institutional assessment synthesis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/policy-science\/\" aria-label=\"Policy, institutional and decision science: canonical page on the STEM Commons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/stem\/financial-economics\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Financial economics and macro-finance<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Debt sustainability under stress \u00b7 The sovereign and bank feedback loop<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/financial-economics\/\" aria-label=\"Financial economics and macro-finance: canonical page on the STEM Commons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-limits\" aria-label=\"What the methods cannot say\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the methods cannot say<\/span><p class=\"nx-limits-text\">Household surveys miss the top of the distribution and the most marginal; tax data cover only those who file. Incidence studies rest on assumptions about who bears a tax and how services are valued. Access indicators show ownership, not quality or affordability. Capital Nexus does not advise households or firms on financial products; it sets out evidence for the public institutions that shape access and distribution.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-14-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>Why do survey and tax-based inequality estimates differ?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Surveys under-report top incomes and wealth; tax records miss those who do not file. Combined series reconcile them with national accounts, under assumptions that are stated with the data.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is financial inclusion always beneficial?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Access to safe accounts and payments generally helps. Credit without consumer protection can lead to over-indebtedness, so inclusion policy pairs access with regulation and redress.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is fiscal incidence analysis?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">A method that allocates taxes paid and benefits received to households to show how public finance changes the distribution of income. Results depend on assumptions that are published with each study.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does Capital Nexus advocate particular redistribution policies?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. It convenes dialogue on evidence and options. Policy choices belong to governments and legislatures.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why include inequality in a capital platform?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because the distribution of access and losses shapes resilience, trust and the legitimacy of capital allocation.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is microfinance the answer to exclusion?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Evidence suggests it helps some households manage risk but is no general solution. Design and context decide outcomes.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-rel-15\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Related<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-rel-15\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Around Capital Nexus.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/topics\/public-purpose-capital\/\">Public purpose capital <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/topics\/resilience-finance-governance\/\">Resilience finance governance <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/topics\/development-capital-policy\/\">Development capital policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/topics\/climate-and-nature-finance-policy\/\">Climate and nature finance policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/topics\/investment-governance\/\">Investment governance <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/topics\/country-capital-readiness\/\">Country capital readiness <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/\">Capital Nexus home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/counterparts\/\">Counterparts across the Consortium <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/\">The Global Risks Forum home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/trust\/\">GRF governance and trust <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-16\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Capital Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring your expertise to this field.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"mailto:contact@globalriskforum.com?subject=Capital%20Nexus%3A%20Finance%20and%20inequality\">Write to the team <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/topics\/finance-and-inequality\/#faq\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/topics\/finance-and-inequality\/#webpage\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why do survey and tax-based inequality estimates differ?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Surveys under-report top incomes and wealth; tax records miss those who do not file. 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