{"id":75,"date":"2026-10-17T10:41:35","date_gmt":"2026-10-17T10:41:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/ai-digital-governance\/?page_id=75"},"modified":"2026-10-20T15:47:11","modified_gmt":"2026-10-20T15:47:11","slug":"digital-rights-and-privacy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/ai-digital-governance\/topics\/digital-rights-and-privacy\/","title":{"rendered":"Digital rights and privacy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Nexus network page \u00b7 https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/ai-digital-governance\/topics\/digital-rights-and-privacy\/ \u00b7 source authored \u00b7 generated by integrations\/wordpress\/network\/build.mjs, never edit this file --><script type=\"text\/x-nexus\" class=\"_iub_cs_skip\" id=\"nxe-mount\" 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aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 AI and Digital Governance<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nx-scene-accent nx-es-sig\"><strong>Situational awareness<\/strong><span>Events, outlooks and readiness for those who decide<\/span><\/p><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Digital rights and privacy<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Digital systems collect, infer and act on personal information at a scale that tests the rights to privacy, data protection, non-discrimination and free expression. Rights depend on enforceable law, independent authorities and remedies people can use. This page sets out how digital rights are protected and eroded, the records that show enforcement, and the institutions that decide.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/ai-digital-governance\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/ai-digital-governance\/topics\/\">Back to Topics<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"project\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Digital rights and privacy on the record.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"console\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Dossier<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">R-P03 \u00b7 topic<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-brief-answer\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">In brief<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Definition and scope<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">4 mechanisms<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Key terms<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">3<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Field<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">H3 field plate<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">6<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-pipeline\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Pipeline<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Run graph<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">5<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-decisions\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Decision holders<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">4<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-methods\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">3<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-question\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The question<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Digital rights and privacy: how the risk develops.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Rights and public digital infrastructure. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"2\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M2 12s3-7 10-7 10 7 10 7-3 7-10 7-10-7-10-7Z\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Inference outruns consent<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Systems infer health, beliefs and relationships from data people did not knowingly provide. Consent-based models struggle when the use is invisible and the inference is new.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m12.83 2.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 6.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.83l8.58 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0l8.58-3.9a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.83Z\"\/><path d=\"m22 17.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 17.65\"\/><path d=\"m22 12.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 12.65\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Purpose creep<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Data collected for one purpose are reused for others, including by public authorities. Purpose limitation and legal bases slow this only where authorities enforce them.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"11\" x=\"3\" y=\"11\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M7 11V7a5 5 0 0 1 10 0v4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Surveillance capability expands<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Facial recognition, location tracking and bulk data access give states and firms new powers. Necessity and proportionality tests and independent authorization decide where limits fall.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m14.5 12.5-8 8a2.119 2.119 0 1 1-3-3l8-8\"\/><path d=\"m16 16 6-6\"\/><path d=\"m8 8 6-6\"\/><path d=\"m9 7 8 8\"\/><path d=\"m21 11-8-8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Remedies are slow<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Complaints to data protection authorities and courts can take years, and cross-border cases depend on cooperation between authorities. Slow remedies weaken deterrence.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Instruments and commitments<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How digital rights and privacy is governed: instruments, mandates and commitments.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The instruments, mandates, actors and accountability arrangements a policymaker, diplomat or development agency works with, citing the agreements that set them. Structures follow the frameworks named. Any state or progress drawn is illustrative, not a record.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"governance\" data-au-n=\"1\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"instrument-matrix\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Policy instrument matrix<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">The kinds of instrument available on digital rights and privacy, by level of government and cooperation.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Local<\/th><th scope=\"col\">National<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Regional<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Global<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Instrument type\"><strong>Regulatory<\/strong><\/td><td data-label=\"Local\">Zoning, building codes<\/td><td data-label=\"National\">Laws, standards, licensing<\/td><td data-label=\"Regional\">Harmonised rules<\/td><td data-label=\"Global\">Conventions and treaties<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Instrument type\"><strong>Economic<\/strong><\/td><td data-label=\"Local\">Local levies, grants<\/td><td data-label=\"National\">Budget lines, taxes, insurance schemes<\/td><td data-label=\"Regional\">Risk pools, regional funds<\/td><td data-label=\"Global\">Financing mechanisms<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Instrument type\"><strong>Information<\/strong><\/td><td data-label=\"Local\">Local warnings<\/td><td data-label=\"National\">Disclosure, early warning, statistics<\/td><td data-label=\"Regional\">Data sharing arrangements<\/td><td data-label=\"Global\">Global monitoring and reporting<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Instrument type\"><strong>Institutional<\/strong><\/td><td data-label=\"Local\">Local committees<\/td><td data-label=\"National\">Lead agencies, coordination councils<\/td><td data-label=\"Regional\">Regional bodies and secretariats<\/td><td data-label=\"Global\">Multilateral mandates<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Instrument type\"><strong>Cooperative<\/strong><\/td><td data-label=\"Local\">Community agreements<\/td><td data-label=\"National\">Partnership compacts<\/td><td data-label=\"Regional\">Memoranda and joint programmes<\/td><td data-label=\"Global\">Agreements and joint commitments<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>A typology after the OECD Recommendation on the Governance of Critical Risks; examples of instrument types, not an inventory of any country's measures.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction \u00b7 UNDRR<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Paris Agreement \u00b7 UNFCCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals \u00b7 United Nations<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">International Health Regulations \u00b7 WHO<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What is measured, and how well.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"register\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Comprehensive data protection law in force<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">yes or no<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">on change<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">UNCTAD data protection tracker<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Independent data protection authority<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">yes or no, with budget<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Authority reports<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Complaints received by data protection authorities<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">count<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Authority annual reports<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Fines imposed for data protection breaches<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">count and currency<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Authority enforcement records<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Government requests for user data<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">count by country<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">half-yearly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Platform transparency reports<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Internet shutdowns recorded<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">count and duration in hours<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Civil society monitoring<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"indicators\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/grf\/R-P03\/topics\/digital-rights-and-privacy\/#indicators\" data-nxf-title=\"Indicators\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pipeline\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"project\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Canvas<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">From sources to decisions.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The topic as a computational graph: named sources feed the methods, an evidence review gates the outputs, and the decisions stay with the authorities that hold them.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-plate\" data-wide=\"true\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Pipeline canvas<\/strong> \u00b7 Digital rights and privacy as a run graph<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Design, not a record<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-figure-frame\" data-scene=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-figure nx-ui nx-dag\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 697\" data-nx-dag=\"true\" data-w=\"1200\" data-h=\"697\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-dag-r-p03-topics-digital-rights-and-privacy-a-t nx-dag-r-p03-topics-digital-rights-and-privacy-a-d\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><title id=\"nx-dag-r-p03-topics-digital-rights-and-privacy-a-t\">Digital rights and privacy: AI risk management, govern to manage<\/title><desc id=\"nx-dag-r-p03-topics-digital-rights-and-privacy-a-d\">Governance sets roles and policies; the context and intended use are mapped; capability, safety, robustness and fairness are measured; risks are managed with mitigations and a deployment gate; incidents feed monitoring and the registry. Design of the process, not a record of a run.<\/desc><\/svg><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Fig. 02<\/strong><span>Nodes carry their type, two metric rows and a state; connectors show what feeds what; dashed frames name the owners; the timeline is the cadence. Design of the pipeline, not a record of a run.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-sources\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where the evidence comes from.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"register\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it gives<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">UNCTAD data protection and privacy legislation worldwide<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Status of data protection law by country<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free, UN terms<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">European Data Protection Board and national authority annual reports<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Complaints, investigations and enforcement<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public, EU and national reuse terms<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Access Now KeepItOn shutdown data<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Documented internet shutdowns by country<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free to read, terms to check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Platform transparency reports<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Government data and removal requests<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free to read, terms per platform<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">UN Special Rapporteur on the right to privacy reports<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Analysis of privacy in the digital age<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free, UN terms<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/grf\/R-P03\/topics\/digital-rights-and-privacy\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Sources\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-decisions\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"project\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">AI and Digital Governance prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Who decides<\/th><th scope=\"col\">The question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence this page serves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Legislatures<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">What data protection and surveillance law requires<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Comparative laws and enforcement records<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Data protection authorities<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Which complaints and investigations to pursue and what sanctions to impose<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Complaint data, case law and cross-border cooperation records<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Courts<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Whether processing or surveillance breached rights<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Records presented by parties; the page serves context only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Platforms and data controllers<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">How to respond to data requests and design for privacy<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Legal requirements and transparency practice<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Outputs this topic produces<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Comparative notes on data protection laws and authorities<\/li><li>Guide to necessity and proportionality tests for surveillance<\/li><li>Dialogue briefs on inference and consent<\/li><li>Questions for legislatures on remedies and enforcement<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Core questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What experts ask about digital rights.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Does this system collect only the data it needs, and is that data protected from misuse?<\/li><li>Can everyone use it, including people without smartphones, documents or digital skills?<\/li><li>Does it allow surveillance or profiling beyond its stated purpose?<\/li><li>What remedies do people have if their rights are infringed?<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-mechanisms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanisms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How digital infrastructure affects rights.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Rights effects depend less on technology than on design choices and governance. The same identity system can be built to minimize data and protect against tracking, or to centralize data and enable it. Why now: digital identity and data-sharing systems are expanding under the banner of digital public infrastructure, endorsed in the Global Digital Compact (2024), while rights safeguards vary widely. The platform is designed to convene authorities and rights specialists on safeguards, without assessing any system.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M17 18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H9a2 2 0 0 0-2 2\"\/><rect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"4\" rx=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"10\" r=\"2\"\/><line x1=\"8\" x2=\"8\" y1=\"2\" y2=\"4\"\/><line x1=\"16\" x2=\"16\" y1=\"2\" y2=\"4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Inclusion<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Access and exclusion<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Digital-only services can exclude people who cannot use them, turning convenience into a barrier.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M2 12s3-7 10-7 10 7 10 7-3 7-10 7-10-7-10-7Z\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Privacy<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Data linkage<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Linking records across services creates detailed profiles and risks function creep beyond the original purpose.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect width=\"18\" height=\"11\" x=\"3\" y=\"11\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M7 11V7a5 5 0 0 1 10 0v4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Security<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Breach at scale<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Centralized systems concentrate personal data, so a single breach can expose whole populations.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods-and-limits\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and limits<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Instruments for protecting rights.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-rows\"><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">01<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Rights mapping<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Identifying which rights a system affects and how. Limits: rights interact and can conflict.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">02<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Privacy by design<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Data minimization, selective disclosure and decentralized architectures, studied under <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/ai-digital-governance\/stem\/digital-identity\/\">digital identity and public digital systems<\/a>. Limits: may add cost or complexity.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">03<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Data protection impact assessments<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Assessing risks to individuals before processing begins. Limits: quality varies widely.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">04<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Independent oversight<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Supervision by data protection authorities and civil society scrutiny. Limits: authorities are often under-resourced.<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-methods\" data-limits=\"true\"><ol class=\"nx-mledger\" aria-label=\"Methods\"><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/ai-digital-governance\/stem\/digital-identity\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Digital identity and public digital systems<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Assurance levels for public services \u00b7 Minimal disclosure \u00b7 Exclusion analysis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/digital-identity\/\" aria-label=\"Digital identity and public digital systems: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/ai-digital-governance\/stem\/policy-science\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Policy, institutional and decision science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Comparing AI regimes \u00b7 Value chain accountability mapping \u00b7 Forum and mandate mapping<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/policy-science\/\" aria-label=\"Policy, institutional and decision science: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/ai-digital-governance\/stem\/ai-assurance\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">AI evaluation and assurance engineering<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Third-party audit scope \u00b7 Fairness testing in public systems \u00b7 Post-deployment monitoring<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/engineering\/ai-assurance\/\" aria-label=\"AI evaluation and assurance engineering: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-limits\" aria-label=\"What the methods cannot say\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the methods cannot say<\/span><p class=\"nx-limits-text\">Laws on paper differ from enforcement in practice. Statistics published by authorities are not comparable across countries. Transparency reports are voluntary and use platform definitions. Shutdown data come from monitoring that is uneven. AI and Digital Governance compares law and evidence; it does not assess any organization's compliance or give legal advice.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-12-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What is the difference between privacy and data protection?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Privacy protects private life from interference; data protection governs how personal data are processed, with principles, rights and independent oversight. European law treats them as related but distinct rights.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is purpose limitation?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The principle that personal data collected for specified purposes should not be further processed in ways incompatible with those purposes.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Who enforces data protection?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Independent supervisory authorities in most jurisdictions with comprehensive laws, with courts hearing appeals and claims. Their powers and resources differ widely.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is privacy compatible with digital public services?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Yes, with appropriate design. Techniques such as data minimization and selective disclosure let services verify what they need without collecting everything.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is function creep?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The gradual use of a system or its data for purposes beyond those originally stated, often without new consent or legal basis.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the platform help with a data protection complaint?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. Complaints go to the organization concerned and to the competent data protection authority.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why does inclusion count as a digital right?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because when essential services become digital, people who cannot use digital channels can lose access to benefits, health care or legal identity unless alternatives remain.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"project\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NR<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Nexus Reports gateway \u00b7 GW-GRF<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute to Nexus Reports from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Nexus Reports is the Consortium's quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Risk Forum<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">AI and Digital Governance<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Exponential Technology<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Evidence Brief<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"mailto:contact@therisk.global?subject=Nexus%20Reports%20contribution%20%C2%B7%20GW-GRF%20%C2%B7%20https%3A%2F%2Fglobalriskforum.com%2Fai-digital-governance%2Ftopics%2Fdigital-rights-and-privacy%2F&amp;body=Page%3A%20https%3A%2F%2Fglobalriskforum.com%2Fai-digital-governance%2Ftopics%2Fdigital-rights-and-privacy%2F%0AGateway%3A%20GW-GRF%0AArea%3A%20AI%20and%20Digital%20Governance%0AType%20(evidence%2C%20correction%2C%20case%20study%2C%20analysis%2C%20review%2C%20translation%2C%20profile%20input)%3A%0AWhat%20it%20is%20and%20where%20its%20record%20is%20kept%20(DOI%2C%20URL%20or%20dataset%20release)%3A%0ALicence%20of%20the%20material%3A%0AORCID%20iD%20(optional%2C%20for%20credit)%3A%0A\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Gateway<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GW-GRF<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Nexus Reports community. Curators review it there; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Nexus Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/grf\/ai-digital-governance\/topics\/digital-rights-and-privacy#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute to Nexus Reports\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-nx-xlinks=\"5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-xl-tal-governance-topics-digital-rights-and-privacy\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the Consortium<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-xl-tal-governance-topics-digital-rights-and-privacy\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">The same subject across the Consortium.<\/h2><ul class=\"nx-dest nx-mt-3\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">GCRI Canada<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">therisk.global<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Methods, data and models<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/ai-financial-model-risk\/topics\/model-risk-governance\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">GRA<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">globalriskalliance.com<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Model risk governance<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Exposure, loss and capital<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/digital-ai\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">nexustandards.com<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Digital, Cyber and AI<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Standards that apply<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/governance-policy\/ai-digital-governance\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Risk Academy<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">risksacademy.com<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">AI and digital governance<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Where it is taught<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/areas\/cyber-digital-resilience\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Nexus Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">therisk.global<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Cybersecurity and Digital Resilience in Nexus Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Where it is reported<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"The Consortium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/\">The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/\">The Global Risk Alliance <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/academy-home\/\">Risk Academy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Nexus Reports <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-13\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">AI and Digital Governance<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a governance question to the Forum.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. 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